Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics

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1499 articles
Research Article

Composition of Lie Group Elements from Basis Lie Algebra Elements

George W. Bluman, Omar Mrani-Zentar, Deshin Finlay
Pages: 528 - 557
It is shown explicitly how one can obtain elements of Lie groups as compositions of products of other elements based on the commutator properties of associated Lie algebras. Problems of this kind can arise naturally in control theory. Suppose an apparatus has mechanisms for moving in a limited number...
Research Article

Lp - Lq Decay Estimates for Wave Equations with Time-Dependent Coefficients

Michael Reissig
Pages: 534 - 548
The goal of this survey article is to explain the up-to-date state of the theory of Lp - Lq decay estimates for wave equations with time-dependent coefficients. We explain the influence of oscillations in the coefficients by using a precise classification. Moreover, we will see how mass and dissipation...
Research Article

Integrable Discretizations of Some Cases of the Rigid Body Dynamics

Yuri B. Suris
Pages: 534 - 560
A heavy top with a fixed point and a rigid body in an ideal fluid are important examples of Hamiltonian systems on a dual to the semidirect product Lie algebra e(n) = so(n) Rn . We give a Lagrangian derivation of the corresponding equations of motion, and introduce discrete time analogs of two integrable...
Research Article

Mapping between the dynamic and mechanical properties of the relativistic oscillator and Euler free rigid body

Alberto Molgado, Adan Rodríguez
Pages: 534 - 547
In this work we investigate a formal mapping between the dynamical properties of the unidimensional relativistic oscillator and the asymmetrical rigid top at a clas- sical level. We study the relativistic oscillator within Yamaleev’s interpretation of Nambu mechanics. Such interpretation is based on...
Research Article

Minimal surfaces associated with orthogonal polynomials

Vincent Chalifour, Alfred Michel Grundland
Pages: 529 - 549
This paper is devoted to a study of the connection between the immersion functions of two-dimensional surfaces in Euclidean or hyperbolic spaces and classical orthogonal polynomials. After a brief description of the soliton surfaces approach defined by the Enneper-Weierstrass formula for immersion and...
Research Article

The Virasoro action on the tau function for the constrained discrete KP hierarchy

Jipeng Cheng, Maohua Li, Jingsong He
Pages: 529 - 538
With the help of the squared eigenfunction potential, the action of the Virasoro symmetry on the tau function of the constrained discrete KP hierarchy is derived.
Research Article

What an Effective Criterion of Separability says about the Calogero Type Systems

Stefan Rauch-Wojciechowski, Claes Waksjö
Pages: 535 - 547
In [15] we have proved a 1-1 correspondence between all separable coordinates on Rn (according to Kalnins and Miller [9]) and systems of linear PDEs for separable potetials V (q). These PDEs, after introducing parameters reflecting the freedom of choice of Euclidean reference frame, serve as an effective...
Research Article

Analytic Behaviour of Competition among Three Species

P.G.L. Leach, J. Miritzis
Pages: 535 - 548
We analyse the classical model of competition between three species studied by May and Leonard (SIAM J Appl Math 29 (1975) 243-256) with the approaches of singlarity analysis and symmetry analysis to identify values of the parameters for which the system is integrable. We observe some striking relations...
Research Article

Generalized Conditional Symmetries, Related Solutions and Conservation Laws of the Grad-Shafranov Equation with Arbitrary Flow

Rodica Cimpoiasu
Pages: 531 - 544
The generalized conditional symmetry (GCS) method is applied to the case of a generalized Grad-Shafranov equation (GGSE) with incompressible flow of arbitrary direction. We investigate the conditions which yield the GGSE that admits a special class of second-order GCSs. Three GCS generators and the associated...
Research Article

On the dynamics of internal waves interacting with the equatorial undercurrent

Alan Compelli, Rossen Ivanov
Pages: 531 - 539
The interaction of the nonlinear internal waves with a nonuniform current with a specific form, characteristic for the equatorial undercurrent, is studied. The current has no vorticity in the layer, where the internal wave motion takes place. We show that the nonzero vorticity that might be occuring...
Research Article

The gauge transformation of the q-deformed modified KP hierarchy

Jipeng Cheng, Jinzheng Wang, Xingyong Zhang
Pages: 533 - 542
In this paper, we mainly study three types of gauge transformation operators for the q-mKP hierarchy. The successive applications of these gauge transformation operators are derived. And the corresponding communities between them are also investigated.
Research Article

On A Group Of Automorphisms Of The Noncommutative Burgers Hierarchy

Boris A. Kupershmidt
Pages: 539 - 549
Bäcklund transformations are constructed for the noncommutative Burgers hierarchy, generalizing the commutative ones of Weiss, Tabor, Carnevale, and Pickering. These transformations are shown to be invertible and form a group.
Research Article

A Variational Principle for Volume-Preserving Dynamics

Giuseppe Gaeta, Paola Morando
Pages: 539 - 554
We provide a variational description of any Liouville, i.e. volume preserving, autnomous vector field on a smooth manifold. This is obtained via a "maximal degree" variational principle; critical sections for this are integral manifolds for the Liouville vector field. We work in coordinates and provide...
Research Article

On Slant Magnetic Curves in S-manifolds

Güvenç Şaban, Cihan Özgür
Pages: 536 - 554
We consider slant normal magnetic curves in (2n + 1)-dimensional S-manifolds. We prove that γ is a slant normal magnetic curve in an S-manifold (M2m+s, φ, ξα, ηα, g) if and only if it belongs to a list of slant φ-curves satisfying some special curvature equations. This list consists of some specific...
Research Article

Octahedral Structure of the Hirota–Miwa Equation

Satoru Saito
Pages: 539 - 550
The Hirota–Miwa equation is studied from the view point of derived category.
Research Article

Existence of Natural and Conformally Invariant Quantizations of Arbitrary Symbols

P. Mathonet, F. Radoux
Pages: 539 - 556
A quantization can be seen as a way to construct a differential operator with prescribed principal symbol. The map from the space of symbols to the space of differential operators is moreover required to be a linear bijection. In general, there is no natural quantization procedure, that is, spaces of...
Research Article

Equilibria of a solvable N-body problem and related properties of the N numbers xn at which the Jacobi polynomial of order N has the same value

Oksana Bihun, Francesco Calogero
Pages: 539 - 551
The class of solvable N-body problems of “goldfish” type has been recently extended by including (the additional presence of) three-body forces. In this paper we show that the equilibria of some of these systems are simply related to the N roots xn of the polynomial equation PN(α,β) (x)= w, where...
Research Article

On the Existence of Benthic Storms

Ronald Quirchmayr
Pages: 540 - 544
We study a model for the wind-induced current field of the Pacific ocean in order to demonstrate that currents in the surface layer are carried down to the deepest regions above the abyssal sea floor, which indicates the existence of the phenomenon of comparably strong currents in bottom regions as a...
Research Article

On a Periodic 2-Component Camassa–Holm Equation with Vorticity

Qiaoyi Hu
Pages: 541 - 556
We consider a periodic 2-component Camassa–Holm equation with vorticity in the paper. We first give the local well-posedness and the blow-up criterion for strong solutions to the equation in the Sobolev space Hs, s>32 . We then present a global existence result for strong solutions to the equation....
Research Article

Vortex Trains in Super-Alfvénic Magnetogasdynamics. Application of Reciprocal-Bäcklund Transformations

C. Rogers, W.K. Schief
Pages: 548 - 564
A multi-parameter class of reciprocal transformations is coupled with the action of a Bäcklund transformation to construct periodic solutions of breather-type in plane, aligned, super-Alfvénic magnetogasdynamics. The constitutive law adopts a genealised K´arm´an-Tsien form.
Research Article

On the (3, N ) Maurer-Cartan equation

Mauricio Angel, Jaime Camacaro, Rafael Díaz
Pages: 548 - 569
Deformations of the 3-differential of 3-differential graded algebras are controlled by the (3, N ) Maurer-Cartan equation. We find explicit formulae for the coefficients appearing in that equation, introduce new geometric examples of N -differential graded algebras, and use these results to study N Lie...
Research Article

On deformation and classification of ∨-systems

V. Schreiber, A.P. Veselov
Pages: 543 - 583
The ∨-systems are special finite sets of covectors which appeared in the theory of the generalized Witten-Dijkgraaf-Verlinde-Verlinde (WDVV) equations. Several families of ∨-systems are known, but their classification is an open problem. We derive the relations describing the infinitesimal deformations...
Research Article

Vect(S1) Action on Pseudodifferential Symbols on S1 and (Noncommutative) Hydrodynamic Type Systems

Partha Guha
Pages: 549 - 565
The standard embedding of the Lie algebra V ect(S1 ) of smooth vector fields on the circle V ect(S1 ) into the Lie algebra D(S1 ) of pseudodifferential symbols on S1 identifies vector field f(x) x V ect(S1 ) and its dual as (f(x) x ) = f(x) (u(x)dx2 ) = u(x)-2 . The space of symbols can be viewed as...
Research Article

Uniqueness for Autonomous Planar Differential Equations and the Lagrangian Formulation of Water Flows with Vorticity

Erik Wahlén
Pages: 549 - 555
We prove a uniqueness result for autonomous divergence-free systems of ODE's in the plane and give an application to the study of water flows with vorticity.
Research Article

A discrete negative AKNS equation: generalized Cauchy matrix approach

Song-lin Zhao
Pages: 544 - 562
Generalized Cauchy matrix approach is used to investigate a discrete negative Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur (AKNS) equation. Several kinds of solutions more than multi-soliton solutions to this equation are derived by solving determining equation set. Furthermore, applying an appropriate continuum limit...
Research Article

Asymptotic Scaling in a Model Class of Anomalous Reaction-Diffusion Equations

Giuseppe Gaeta, Rosaria Mancinelli
Pages: 550 - 566
We analyze asymptotic scaling properties of a model class of anomalous reactiodiffusion (ARD) equations. Numerical experiments show that solutions to these have, for large t, well defined scaling properties. We suggest a general framework to anlyze asymptotic symmetry properties; this provides an analytical...
Research Article

The peculiar (monic) polynomials, the zeros of which equal their coefficients

F. Calogero, F. Leyvraz
Pages: 545 - 555
We evaluate the number of complex monic polynomials, of arbitrary degree N, the zeros of which are equal to their coefficients. In the following, we call polynomials with this property peculiar polynomials. We further show that the problem of determining the peculiar polynomials of degree N simplifies...
Research Article

Symmetric waves are traveling waves for a shallow water equation modeling surface waves of moderate amplitude

Anna Geyer
Pages: 545 - 551
Following a general principle introduced by Ehrnström, Holden and Raynaud in 2009, we prove that for an equation modeling the free surface evolution of moderate amplitude waves in shallow water, all symmetric waves are traveling waves.
Research Article

Toda Equations and -Functions of Genera One and Two

Shigeki Matsutani
Pages: 555 - 569
We study the Toda equations in the continuous level, discrete level and ultradiscrete level in terms of elliptic and hyperelliptic and functions of genera one and two. The ultradiscrete Toda equation appears as a discrete-valuation of recursion relations of functions.
Research Article

Study on geometric structures on Lie algebroids with optimal control applications

Esmaeil Peyghan, Liviu Popescu
Pages: 550 - 580
We construct ρ£-covariant derivatives in π*π as the generalization of covariant derivative in π*π to £πE. Moreover, we introduce Berwald and Yano derivatives as two important classes of ρ£-covariant derivatives in π*π and we study properties of them. Finally, we solve an optimal control problem using...
Research Article

Landau Levels in a Two-Dimensional Noncommutative Space: Matrix and Quaternionic Vector Coherent States

Mahouton Norbert Hounkonnou, Isiaka Aremua
Pages: 551 - 579
The behavior of an electron in an external uniform electromagnetic background coupled to an harmonic potential, with noncommuting space coordinates, is considered in this work. The thermodynamics of the system is studied. Matrix vector coherent states (MVCS) as well as quaternionic vector coherent states...
Research Article

Miura-reciprocal transformations for non-isospectral Camassa-Holm hierarchies in 2 + 1 dimensions

P. G. Estévez, C. Sardón
Pages: 552 - 564
We present two hierarchies of partial differential equations in 2 + 1 dimensions. Since there exist reciprocal transformations that connect these hierarchies to the Calogero-Bogoyavlenski-Schiff equation and its modified version, we can prove that one of the hierarchies can be considered as a modified...
Research Article

A simple-looking relative of the Novikov, Hirota-Satsuma and Sawada-Kotera equations

Alexander G. Rasin, Jeremy Schiff
Pages: 555 - 568
We study the simple-looking scalar integrable equation fxxt − 3(fx ft − 1) = 0, which is related (in different ways) to the Novikov, Hirota-Satsuma and Sawada-Kotera equations. For this equation we present a Lax pair, a Bäcklund transformation, soliton and merging soliton solutions (some exhibiting instabilities),...
Research Article

On Testing Integrability

Peter H. van der Kamp, Jan A. Sanders
Pages: 561 - 574
We demonstrate, using the symbolic method together with p-adic and resultant methods, the existence of systems with exactly one or two generalized symmetries. Since the existence of one or two symmetries is often taken as a sure sign (or as the definition) of integrability, that is, the existence of...
Research Article

Einstein-like Lorentzian Lie groups of dimension four

Amirhesam Zaeim
Pages: 556 - 570
Einstein-like examples of four-dimensional Lorentzian Lie groups are listed and geometric properties of each class have been investigated.
Research Article

Binary Darboux Transformation for the Supersymmetric Principal Chiral Field Model

Bushra Haider, M. Hassan
Pages: 557 - 581
The standard binary Darboux transformation is investigated and is used to obtain quasideterminant multisoliton solutions of the supersymmetric chiral field model in two dimensions.
Research Article

Propagation of Twist Solitons in Fully Inhomogeneous DNA Chains

Mariano Cadoni, Roberto de Leo, Sergio Demelio, Giuseppe Gaeta
Pages: 557 - 569
In the framework of a recently introduced model of DNA torsional dynamics, we argued — on the basis of perturbative considerations — that an inhomogeneous DNA chain could support long-lived soliton-type excitations due to the peculiar geometric structure of DNA and the effect of this on nonlinear torsional...
Research Article

Singular Hartree equation in fractional perturbed Sobolev spaces

Alessandro Michelangeli, Alessandro Olgiati, Raffaele Scandone
Pages: 558 - 588
We establish the local and global theory for the Cauchy problem of the singular Hartree equation in three dimensions, that is, the modification of the non-linear Schrödinger equation with Hartree non-linearity, where the linear part is now given by the Hamiltonian of point interaction. The latter is...
Research Article

Isometric Reflectionless Eigenfunction Transforms for Higher-order AOs

S.N.M. Ruijsenaars
Pages: 565 - 598
In a previous paper (Regular and Chaotic Dynamics 7 (2002), 351­391, Ref. [1]), we obtained various results concerning reflectionless Hilbert space transforms arising from a general Cauchy system. Here we extend these results, proving in particular an isometry property conjectured in Ref. [1]. Crucial...
Research Article

Distribution of positive type in Quantum Calculus

Akram Nemri
Pages: 566 - 583
In this paper, we study some remarkable spaces of Sq,(Rq,+) space of the q-tempered distribution introduced by M.A. Olshanetsky and V.B.K. Rogov [14], namely the q-analogue of the pseudo-measure FqL (Rq,+), the q-function of the positive type FqM , and we give a q-version of the Bochner-Shwartz theorem...
Research Article

Classification of Fully Nonlinear Integrable Evolution Equations of Third Order

Rafael Hernández Heredero
Pages: 567 - 585
A fully nonlinear family of evolution equations is classified. Nine new integrable equtions are found, and all of them admit a differential substitution into the Korteweg-de Vries or Krichever-Novikov equations. One of the equations contains hyperelliptic functions, but it is transformable into the Krichever-Novikov...
Research Article

Lax Integrability of the Modified Camassa-Holm Equation and the Concept of Peakons

Xiangke Chang, Jacek Szmigielski
Pages: 563 - 572
In this Letter we propose that for Lax integrable nonlinear partial differential equations the natural concept of weak solutions is implied by the compatibility condition for the respective distributional Lax pairs. We illustrate our proposal by comparing two concepts of weak solutions of the modified...
Research Article

On a construction of self-dual gauge fields in seven dimensions

E.K. Loginov, A.N. Grishkov
Pages: 570 - 577
We consider gauge fields associated with a semisimple Malcev algebra. We construct a gauge-invariant Lagrangian and found a solution of modified Yang-Mills equations in seven dimensions.
Research Article

Contiguity relations for linearisable systems of Gambier type

A. Ramani, B. Grammaticos, P. Guha
Pages: 565 - 576
We introduce the Schlesinger transformations for the Gambier, linearisable, equation and by combining the former construct the contiguity relations of the solutions of the latter. We extend the approach to the discrete domain obtaining thus the Schlesinger transformations and the contiguity relations...
Research Article

On the global dynamics of the Newell–Whitehead system

Claudia Valls
Pages: 569 - 578
In this paper by using the Poincaré compactification in ℝ3 we make a global analysis of the model x′ = z, y′ = b(x−dy), z′ = x(x2 −1)+y+cz with b ∈ ℝ and c, d ∈ ℝ+, here known as the three-dimensional Newell–Whitehead system. We give the complete description of its dynamics on the sphere at infinity....
Research Article

Optimal Solution for the Viscous Modified Camassa–Holm Equation

Anna Gao, Chunyu Shen
Pages: 571 - 589
In this paper, we study the optimal control problem for the viscous modified Camassa–Holm equation. We first prove the existence and uniqueness of a weak solution to this equation in a short interval by using the Galerkin method. Furthermore, the existence of an optimal solution to the viscous modified...
Research Article

Note on algebro-geometric solutions to triangular Schlesinger systems

Vladimir Dragović, Vasilisa Shramchenko
Pages: 571 - 583
We construct algebro-geometric upper triangular solutions of rank two Schlesinger systems. Using these solutions we derive two families of solutions to the sixth Painlevé equation with parameters (1/8, ‒1/8, 1/8, 3=8) expressed in simple forms using periods of differentials on elliptic curves. Similarly...
Research Article

Some spherical solutions of ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations

P.Y. Picard
Pages: 578 - 588
Some spherical solutions of the ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations are obtained from the method of the weak transversality method (WTM), which is based on Lie group theory. This analytical method makes use of the symmetry group of the MHD system in situations where the “classical” Lie approach...
Research Article

Generalized negative flows in hierarchies of integrable evolution equations

Stephen C. Anco, Shahid Mohammad, Thomas Wolf, Chunrong Zhu
Pages: 573 - 606
A one-parameter generalization of the hierarchy of negative flows is introduced for integrable hierarchies of evolution equations, which yields a wider (new) class of non-evolutionary integrable nonlinear wave equations. As main results, several integrability properties of these generalized negative...
Research Article

On Bianchi permutability of Bäcklund transformations for asymmetric quad-equations

Raphael Boll
Pages: 577 - 605
We prove the Bianchi permutability (existence of superposition principle) of Bäcklund transformations for asymmetric quad-equations. Such equations and their Bäcklund transformations form 3D consistent systems of a priori different equations. We perform this proof by using 4D consistent systems of quad-equations,...
Research Article

The Heun equation and the Calogero-Moser-Sutherland system V: generalized Darboux transformations

Kouichi Takemura
Pages: 584 - 611
We obtain isomonodromic transformations for Heun's equation by generalizing the Darboux transformation, and we find pairs and triplets of Heun's equation which have the same monodromy structure. By composing generalized Darboux transformations, we establish a new construction of the commuting operator...
Research Article

An exact solution for geophysical internal waves with underlying current in modified equatorial β-plane approximation*

Dong Su, Hongjun Gao
Pages: 579 - 603
In this paper, a modification of the standard geophysical equatorial β-plane model equations, incorporating a gravitational-correction term in the tangent plane approximation, is derived. We present an exact solution to meet the modified governing equations, whose form is explicit in the Lagrangian framework...
Research Article

Group of Transformations with Respect to the Counterpart of Rapidity and Related Field Equations

Adán R. Rodríguez-Domínguez, Alejandro Martínez-González
Pages: 580 - 594
The Lorentz-group of transformations usually consists of linear transformations of the coordinates, keeping as invariant the norm of the four-vector in (Minkowski) space-time. Besides those linear transformations, one may construct different forms of nonlinear transformations of the coordinates keeping...
Research Article

Asymptotic Approximations in Quantum Calculus

Ahmed Fitouhi, Kamel Brahim, Néji Bettaibi
Pages: 586 - 606
This paper aims to study the asymptotic approximation of some functions defined by the q-Jackson integrals, for a fix q ]0, 1[. For this purpose, we shall attempt to extend the classical methods by giving their q-analogues. In particular, a q-analogue of the Watson's lemma is discussed and new asymptotic...
Research Article

Nonlocal symmetries and group invariant solutions for the coupled variable-coefficient Newell-Whitehead system

Yarong Xia, Ruoxia Yao, Xiangpeng Xin
Pages: 581 - 591
Starting from the Lax pairs, the nonlocal symmetries of the coupled variable-coefficient Newell-Whitehead system are obtained. By introducing an appropriate auxiliary dependent variable, the nonlocal symmetries are localized to Lie point symmetries and the coupled variable-coefficient Newell-Whitehead...
Research Article

Laplace Transformation of Lie Class ω = 1 Overdetermined Systems

Boris Kruglikov
Pages: 583 - 611
In this paper, we investigate overdetermined systems of scalar PDEs on the plane with one common characteristic, whose general solution depends on one function of one variable. We describe linearization of such systems and their integration via Laplace transformation, relating this to Lie's integration...
Research Article

On nonlocal symmetries of integrable three-field evolutionary systems

A.G. Meshkov
Pages: 589 - 611
Nonlocal symmetries for exactly integrable three-field evolutionary systems have been com- puted. Differentiation the nonlocal symmetries with respect to x gives a few hyperbolic systems for each evolution system. Zero curvature representations for all nonlocal systems and for some of the hyperbolic...
Research Article

Liouville Integrability of Conservative Peakons for a Modified CH equation

Xiangke Chang, Jacek Szmigielski
Pages: 584 - 595
The modified Camassa-Holm (also called FORQ) equation is one of numerous cousins of the Camassa-Holm equation possessing non-smoth solitons (peakons) as special solutions. The peakon sector of solutions is not uniquely defined: in one peakon sector (dissipativea) the Sobolev H1 norm is not preserved,...
Research Article

On the study of unitary representations of the twisted Heisenberg-Virasoro algebra via highest weight modules over affine Lie algebras*

Namhee Kwon
Pages: 584 - 592
In this paper, we first construct an analogue of the Sugawara operators for the twisted Heisenberg-Virasoro algebra. By using these operators, we show that every integrable highest weight module over an affine Lie algebra can be viewed as a unitary representation of the twisted Heisenberg-Virasoro algebra....
Research Article

Morphisms Cohomology and Deformations of Hom-algebras

Anja Arfa, Nizar Ben Fraj, Abdenacer Makhlouf
Pages: 589 - 603
The purpose of this paper is to define cohomology complexes and study deformation theory of Hom-associative algebra morphisms and Hom-Lie algebra morphisms. We discuss infinitesimal deformations, equivalent deformations and obstructions. Moreover, we provide various examples.
Research Article

Menelaus Relation, Hirota–Miwa Equation and Fay's Trisecant Formula are Associativity Equations

B. G. Konopelchenko
Pages: 591 - 603
It is shown that the celebrated Menelaus relation, Hirota–Miwa bilinear equation for KP hierarchy and Fay's trisecant formula similar to the WDVV equation are associativity conditions for structure constants of certain three-dimensional quasi-algebra.
Research Article

Asymptotics behavior for the integrable nonlinear Schrödinger equation with quartic terms: Cauchy problem

Lin Huang
Pages: 592 - 615
We consider the Cauchy problem of integrable nonlinear Schrödinger equation with quartic terms on the line. The first part of the paper considers the Riemann-Hilbert formula via the unified method(also known as the Fokas method). The second part of the paper establishes asymptotic formulas for the solution...
Research Article

Simple and collective twisted symmetries

G. Gaeta
Pages: 593 - 627
After the introduction of λ -symmetries by Muriel and Romero, several other types of so called “twisted symmetries” have been considered in the literature (their name refers to the fact they are defined through a deformation of the familiar prolongation operation); they are as useful as standard symmetries...
Research Article

Generalised Inverse Scattering for a Linear PDE Associate to KdV

P.C. Sabatier
Pages: 599 - 613
Inverse Scattering methods for solving integrable nonlinear p.d.e. found their limits as soon as one tried to solve with them new boundary value problems. However, some of these problems, e.g. the quarter-plane problem, can be solved (e.g. by Fokas linear methods), for related linear p.d.e., (e.g. LKdV)....
Research Article

Holomorphic last multipliers on complex manifolds

Mircea Crasmareanu, Cristian Ida, Paul Popescu
Pages: 596 - 619
The goal of this paper is to study the theory of last multipliers in the framework of complex manifolds with a fixed holomorphic volume form. The motivation of our study is based on the equivalence between a holomorphic ODE system and an associated real ODE system and we are interested how we can relate...
Research Article

Variational Operators, Symplectic Operators, and the Cohomology of Scalar Evolution Equations

M.E. Fels, E. Yaşar
Pages: 604 - 649
For a scalar evolution equation ut = K(t, x, u, ux, ..., u2m+1) with m ≥ 1, the cohomology space H1,2(ℛ∞) is shown to be isomorphic to the space of variational operators and an explicit isomorphism is given. The space of symplectic operators for ut = K for which the equation is Hamiltonian is also shown...
Research Article

Lie point symmetries and ODEs passing the Painlevé test

D. Levi, D. Sekera, P. Winternitz
Pages: 604 - 617
The Lie point symmetries of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that are candidates for having the Painlevé property are explored for ODEs of order n = 2, . . . , 5. Among the 6 ODEs identifying the Painlevé transcendents only PIII, PV and PVI have nontrivial symmetry algebras and that only for very...
Research Article

Provenance of Type II hidden symmetries from nonlinear partial differential equations

Barbara Abraham-Shrauner, Keshlan S. Govinder
Pages: 612 - 622
The provenance of Type II hidden point symmetries of differential equations reduced from nonlinear partial differential equations is analyzed. The hidden symmetries are extra symmetries in addition to the inherited symmetries of the differential equations when the number of independent and dependent...
Research Article

On a new technique to manufacture isochronous Hamiltonian systems: classical and quantal treatments

F. Calogero, F. Leyvraz
Pages: 612 - 636
We discuss a new technique to -modify real Hamiltonians so that they become isochronous while remaining real. Although the ω-modified Hamiltonians thereby obtained often yield, in the classical context, singular motions, we exhibit and inves- tigate simple examples when this does not (quite) happen....
Research Article

Four-Wave Semidiscrete Nonlinear Integrable System with 𝒫𝒯-Symmetry

Oleksiy O. Vakhnenko
Pages: 606 - 622
The new type of third-order spectral operator suitable to generate new multifield semidiscrete nonlinear systems with two coupling parameters in the framework of zero-curvature equation is proposed. The evolution operator corresponding to the first integrable system in an infinite hierarchy is explicitly...
Research Article

Darboux Integrability of a Simplified Friedman–Robertson–Walker Hamiltonian System

Jaume Llibre, Clàudia Valls
Pages: 607 - 617
We characterize the Darboux first integrals of a simplified Friedman–Robertson–Walker Hamiltonian system depending on one parameter.
Research Article

SU(1, 1) and SU(2) Perelomov number coherent states: algebraic approach for general systems

D. Ojeda-Guillén, M. Salazar-Ramírez, R. D. Mota, V. D. Granados
Pages: 607 - 619
We study some properties of the SU(1, 1) Perelomov number coherent states. The Schrödinger's uncertainty relationship is evaluated for a position and momentum-like operators (constructed from the Lie algebra generators) in these number coherent states. It is shown that this relationship is minimized...
Research Article

Universal Solitonic Hierarchy

Alexei Shabat
Pages: 614 - 624
We describe recent results on the construction of hierarchies of nonlinear evolution equations associated to generalized second order spectral problems. The first results in this subject had been presented by Francesco Calogero.
Research Article

Equivalence Classes of the Second Order Odes with the Constant Cartan Invariant

Vera V. Kartak
Pages: 613 - 640
Second order ordinary differential equations that possesses the constant invariant are investigated. Four basic types of these equations were found. For every type the complete list of nonequivalent equations is issued. As the examples the equivalence problem for the Painleve II equation, Painleve III...
Research Article

On the discretization of Darboux Integrable Systems

Kostyantyn Zheltukhin, Natalya Zheltukhina
Pages: 616 - 632
We study the discretization of Darboux integrable systems. The discretization is done using x-, y-integrals of the considered continuous systems. New examples of semi-discrete Darboux integrable systems are obtained.
Research Article

Generating functions for characters and weight multiplicities of irreducible 𝓈𝓁(4)-modules

José Ferńandez Núñez, Wifredo García Fuertes, Askold M. Perelomov
Pages: 618 - 632
Generating functions for the characters of the irreducible representations of simple Lie algebras are rational functions where both the numerator and denominator can be expressed as polynomials in the characters corresponding to the fundamental weights. They encode much information on the representation...
Research Article

RG Solutions for s at large Nc in d = 3 + 1 QCD

Yu.A. Simonov
Pages: 625 - 632
Solutions of RG equations for () and (Q) are found in the class of meromorphic functions satisfying asymptotic conditions at large Q (resp. small ), and analyticity properties in the Q2 plane. The resulting R(Q) is finite in the Euclidean Q2 region and agrees well at Q 1 GeV with the MS s(Q).
Research Article

The modified Korteweg-de Vries equation on the quarter plane with t-periodic data

Guenbo Hwang
Pages: 620 - 634
We study the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation posed on the quarter plane with asymptotically t-periodic Dirichlet boundary datum u(0,t) in the sense that u(0,t) tends to a periodic function g̃0 (t) with period τ as t → ∞. We consider the perturbative expansion of the solution in a small ε > 0....
Research Article

Discretization of Liouville type nonautonomous equations preserving integrals

Ismagil Habibullin, Natalya Zheltukhina
Pages: 620 - 642
The problem of constructing semi-discrete integrable analogues of the Liouville type integrable PDE is discussed. We call the semi-discrete equation a discretization of the Liouville type PDE if these two equations have a common integral. For the Liouville type integrable equations from the well-known...
Research Article

Time Discretization of F. Calogero's "Goldfish" System

Yuri B. Suris
Pages: 633 - 647
Time-discretized versions of F. Calogero's rational and hyperbolic "goldfish" systems are presented, and their exact solutions are given.
Research Article

Hybrid Ermakov-Painlevé IV Systems

Colin Rogers
Pages: 628 - 642
Ermakov-Painlevé IV coupled systems are introduced and associated Ermakov-type invariants isolated. These invariants are used to obtain systematic reduction of the system in terms of the canonical Painlevé IV equation. The procedure is applied to a Ermakov-Painlevé IV symmetry reduction of a coupled...
Research Article

Finite genus solutions to the lattice Schwarzian Korteweg-de Vries equation

Xiaoxue Xu, Cewen Cao, Guangyao Zhang
Pages: 633 - 646
Based on integrable Hamiltonian systems related to the derivative Schwarzian Korteweg-de Vries (SKdV) equation, a novel discrete Lax pair for the lattice SKdV (lSKdV) equation is given by two copies of a Darboux transformation which can be used to derive an integrable symplectic correspondence. Resorting...
Research Article

Riemann-Hilbert approach and N-soliton formula for a higher-order Chen-Lee-Liu equation

Juan Hu, Jian Xu, Guo-Fu Yu
Pages: 633 - 649
We consider a higher-order Chen-Lee-Liu (CLL) equation with third order dispersion and quintic nonlinearity terms. In the framework of the Riemann-Hilbert method, we obtain the compact N-soliton formula expressed by determinants. Based on the determinant solution, some properties for single soliton and...
Research Article

Solitons of Wave Equation

Antoni Sym
Pages: 648 - 659
Modulated progressive wave solutions (solitons) to (3 + 1)­dimensional wave equation are discussed within a general geometrical framework. The role of geodesic coordinates defined by hypersurfaces of Riemannian spaces is pointed out in this context. In particular in E3 orthogonal geodesic coordinates...
Research Article

Symmetry reductions and exact solutions of Lax integrable 3-dimensional systems

H. Baran, I.S. Krasil'shchik, O.I. Morozov, P. Vojčák
Pages: 643 - 671
We present a complete description of 2-dimensional equations that arise as symmetry reductions of four 3- dimensional Lax-integrable equations: (1) the universal hierarchy equation uyy = uzuxy− uyuxz; (2) the 3D rdDym equation uty = uxuxy− uyuxx; (3) the equation uty = utuxy− uyutx, which we call modified...
Research Article

Decomposition of 2-Soliton Solutions for the Good Boussinesq Equations

Vesselin Vatchev
Pages: 647 - 663
We consider decompositions of two-soliton solutions for the good Boussinesq equation obtained by the Hirota method and the Wronskian technique. The explicit forms of the components are used to study the dynamics of 2-soliton solutions. An interpretation in the context of eigenvalue problems arising from...
Research Article

Systems of Hamilton-Jacobi equations

Julio Cambronero, Javier Pérez Álvarez
Pages: 650 - 658
In this article we develop a generalization of the Hamilton-Jacobi theory, by considering in the cotangent bundle an involutive system of dynamical equations.
Review Article

Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence: Geometric and Isometry Properties of the 2-point Velocity Correlation Tensor

Vladimir N. Grebenev, Martin Oberlack
Pages: 650 - 672
The emphasis of this review is both the geometric realization of the 2-point velocity correlation tensor field Bij(x,x′,t) and isometries of the correlation space K3 equipped with a (pseudo-) Riemannian metrics ds2(t) generated by the tensor field. The special form of this tensor field for homogeneous...
Research Article

Quasi-Exactly Solvable Hamiltonians related to Root Spaces

Alexander V. Turbiner
Pages: 660 - 675
sl(2)-Quasi-Exactly-Solvable (QES) generalization of the rational An, BCn, G2, F4, E6,7,8 Olshanetsky-Perelomov Hamiltonians including many-body Calogero Hamiltonian is found. This generalization has a form of anharmonic perturbations and it appears naurally when the original rational Hamiltonian is...
Research Article

Integrability conditions of a weak saddle in generalized Liénard-like complex polynomial differential systems

Jaume Giné, Claudia Valls
Pages: 664 - 678
We consider the complex differential system x˙=x+yf(x),   y˙=−y+xf(y), where f is the analytic function f(z)=∑j=1∞ajzj with aj ∈ ℂ. This system has a weak saddle at the origin and is a generalization of complex Liénard systems. In this work we study its local analytic integrability.
Research Article

Correlation Function of Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process with Open Boundaries

Masaru Uchiyama, Miki Wadati
Pages: 676 - 688
We investigate the correlation functions of the one-dimensional Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process (ASEP) with open boundaries. The conditions for the boundaries are made most general. The correlation function is expressed in a multifold integral whose behavior we study in detail. We present a phase...
Research Article

Symmetry classification of scalar Ito equations with multiplicative noise

Giuseppe Gaeta, Francesco Spadaro
Pages: 679 - 687
We provide a symmetry classification of scalar stochastic equations with multiplicative noise. These equations can be integrated by means of the Kozlov procedure, by passing to symmetry adapted variables.
Research Article

On the Equilibrium Configuration of the BC-type Ruijsenaars-Schneider System

Jan F. Van Diejen
Pages: 689 - 696
It is shown that the ground-state equilibrium configurations of the trigonometric Btype Ruijsenaars-Schneider systems are given by the zeros of Askey-Wilson polynomals.
Research Article

Gambier lattices and other linearisable systems

Basil Grammaticos, Alfred Ramani
Pages: 688 - 696
We propose two different appraoches to extending the Gambier mapping to a two-dimensional lattice equation. A first approach relies on a hypothesis of separate evolutions in each of the two directions. We show that known equations like the Startsev-Garifullin-Yamilov equation, the Hietarinta equation,...
Research Article

Trigonal Toda Lattice Equation

Shigeki Matsutani
Pages: 697 - 704
In this article, we give the trigonal Toda lattice equation, −12d3dt3qℓ(t)=eqℓ+1(t)+eqℓ+ζ3(t)++eqℓ+ζ32(t)−3eqℓ(t), for a lattice point ℓ ∈ 𝕑[ζ3] as a directed 6-regular graph where ζ3=e2π−1/3, and its elliptic solution for the curve y(y − s) = x 3, (s ≠ 0).