Let G, H, and F be simple graphs. The notation F ⟶ (G, H) means that any red-blue coloring of all edges of F contains a red copy of G or a blue copy of H. The graph F satisfying this property is called a Ramsey (G, H)-graph. A Ramsey (G, H)-graph is called minimal if for each edge e ∈ E(F), there exists...

Let G, A, and B be simple graphs. The notation G → (A, B) means that for any red-blue coloring of the edges of G, there is a red copy of A or a blue copy of B in G. A graph G is called a Ramsey graph for (A, B) if G → (A, B). Additionally, if the graph G satisfies that G − e ↛ (A, B), for any e ∈ E(G),...

Let F, G, and H be simple graphs. The notation F → (G, H) means that any red-blue coloring of all edges of F will contain either a red copy of G or a blue copy of H. Graph F is a Ramsey (G, H)-minimal if F → (G, H) but for each 𝑒 ∈ E(F), (𝐹 − 𝑒) ↛ (G, H). The set ℛ(G, H) consists of all Ramsey (G,...

Let G be a simple graph with n vertices and let A(G) be the (0, 1)-adjacency matrix of G. The characteristic polynomial of the graph G with respect to the adjacency matrix A(G), denoted by χ(G, λ) is a determinant of (λI − A(G)), where I is the identity matrix. Suppose that λ1 ≥ λ2 ≥ ⋯ ≥ λn are the adjacency...

A generalized theta graph is a graph constructed from two distinct vertices by joining them with l (>=3) internally disjoint paths of lengths greater than one. The distinguishing number D(G) of a graph G is the least integer d such that G has a vertex labelling with d labels that is preserved only...

An edge magic total (EMT) labeling of a graph G = (V, E) is a bijection from the set of vertices and edges to a set of numbers defined by λ: V ∪ E → {1,2, …, |V| + |E|} with the property that for every xy ∈ E, the weight of xy equals to a constant k, that is, λ(x) + λ(y) + λ(xy) = k for some integer...

Let G = (V, E) and H = (V′, E′) be a connected graph. H-magic labeling of graph G is a bijective function f: V(G) ∪ E(G) → {1,2, …, |V(G)| + |E(G)|} such that for every subgraph H′of G isomorphic to H, ∑v ∈ V(H′) f(v) + ∑e ∈ E(H′) f(e) = k. Moreover, it is H-supermagic labeling if f(V) = {1,2 ,…, |V|}....

A graph labelling with a condition at distance two was first introduced by Griggs and Robert. This labelling is also known as L(2,1)-labelling. Let G = (V, E) be a non-multiple graph, undirected, and connected. An L(2,1)-labelling on a graph is defined as a mapping from the vertex set V(G) to the set...

Let G be a simple and connected graph with p vertices and q edges. An L(2,1)-labelling on the graph G is a function f: V(G) → {0,1, …, k} such that every two vertices with a distance one receive labels that differ by at least two, and every two vertices at distance two receive labels that differ by at...

One of the topics in graph labeling is L(2,1) labeling which is an extension of graph labeling. Definition of L(2,1) labeling is a function that maps the set of vertices in the graph to non-negative integers such that every two vertices u, v that have a distance one must have a label with a difference...

Consider G = (V, E) as a finite, simple, connected graph with vertex set V and edge set E. G is said to be a decomposable graph if there exists a collection of subgraphs of G, say ℋ = {Hi|1 ≤ i ≤n} such that for every i ≠ j, Hi is isomorphic to Hj, ∪ i=1n Hi = G and should satisfy that E(Hi) ∩ E(Hj)...

Let G be a simple graph of order n. A coprime labeling of a graph G is a vertex labeling of G with distinct positive integers from the set {1, 2, …, k} for some k ≥ n such that any adjacent labels are relatively prime. The minimum value of k for which G has a coprime labelling, denoted as 𝔭𝔯(G), is...

Let G be a simple, finite and connected graph. For a natural number k, we define an edge coloring c: E(G) → {1,2,…, k} where two adjacent edges can be colored the same. A u – v path (a path connecting two vertices u and v in V(G)) is called a rainbow path if no two edges of path receive the same color....

Let G = (V, E) be a graph with vertex set V and edge set E. A bijection map f : E → {1,2, …, |E|} is called a local antimagic labeling if, for any two adjacent vertices u and v, they have different vertex sums, i.e. w(u) ≠ w(v), where the vertex sum w(u) = Σe ∈ E(u) f(e), and E(u) is the set of edges...

Let G = (V, E) be a graph that consist of a vertex set V and an edge set E. The local antimagic labeling f of a graph G with edge-set E is a bijection map from E to {1, 2, …, |E|} such that w(u) ≠ w(v), where w(u) = ∑e ∈ E(u) f(e) and E(u) is the set of edges incident to u. In this labeling, every vertex...

Ojek Online is a motorcycle taxi that is usually used by people that need a short time for traveling. It is one of the easiest forms of transportation, but there are some obstacles in hilly areas such as Semarang City. The fare produced by online motorcycle taxis is sometimes not in accordance with the...

During the deposition process, many factors play a role in the dynamics of the system including materials’ characteristics and media onto which the materials dropped. The stick-slip model has been applied to simulate the depositions of polydisperse granular materials. As the size of the materials varied,...

This article discusses an effort to encourage student-instructor interactive engagement through active learning activities during class time. We not only encouraged our students to speak out when an opportunity arises but also required them to record their active participation in a student journal throughout...

Linear programming is mathematical programming developed to deal with optimization problems involving linear equations in the objective and constraint functions. One of the basic assumptions in linear programming problems is the certainty assumption. Assumption of certainty shows that all coefficients...

The original chaos game has been applied to the triangular attractor points. With the rules for selecting attractor points randomly, the points generated in large iterations will form like a Sierpinski triangle. Several studies have developed it on the attractor points of quadrilaterals, pentagons, and...

This study proposes several new 3-steps schemes based on the Newton-Raphson method for solving non-linear equation systems. The proposed schemes are analysed and formulated based on the Newton-Raphson method and the Newton-cotes open form numerical integration method. In general, the schemes can be considered...

A function f : R → R is said to be an odd function if f(−x) = −f(x) for every x in R. The graph of an odd function is symmetric with respect to the origin, that is the point (0,0). The aims of this paper are to generalize odd functions on Rn and introduce symmetry functions with respect to any point...

This study involves a non-linear partial differential equation known as Richard’s Equation. An unsteady infiltration from trapezoidal periodic irrigation channel with root-water uptake is considered as the problem. To solve the problem, A set of transformations, Kirchhoff transformation, dimensionless...

In 2020, the world is facing a Covid-19 virus pandemic. The fields of epidemiology and networks are needed in dealing with its spread. Individual (contact) tracing is an important control measure in the spread of infectious diseases. The network of contacts describes the potential pathways for the spread...

Modeling industrial objects needs the formulas of curves and surfaces to construct a precise shape of real goods and simulate some process of form creations. For this reason, the study of the equations of curves and surfaces for objects modeling is essential for resulting in a required shape and feature...

The hanging rotera is a small lamp covered by a glass lid with a light source from a burning candle or LED (Light Emitting Diode) candle and hung on a support pole that is hooked to the rotera connector. The purpose of this paper are to obtain a models of the various and symmetrical components of the...

Creative industries are a national strategic commodity to support international marketing. For this reason, modeling creative industry objects are essential for resulting in various shapes and features of the goods. This paper presents to develop learning content in modeling creative goods supported...

The profile of institutions or companies are often measured internally, nationally and internationally using several indicators that may be changed over time. We develop SHINY OFFICE-R a Web-GUI (Graphical User Interface) using R software to explore and visualize data on institution performance/ profile....

Preeclampsia (PE) often described as new-onset hypertension and proteinuria during the third trimester of pregnancy. PE, is one of the most feared complications of pregnancy because it can progress rapidly to serious complications, including death of both mother and fetus. It is important to get a better...

The COVID-19 pandemic has impact in every sector of life. Studies of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stock trading are also being developed in Indonesia regarding to the number of industries affected by the pandemic. This research aims to provide information about the results of the correlation...

Banks are financial institutions whose activities are to collect funds from the public in the form of deposits (saving deposit, demand deposit, and time deposit) and distribute them to the public in the form of credit or other forms. Deposits are an alternative for customers because the interest offered...

This research is part of data mining, a sub-section of information retrieval and text mining. This research focuses on finding an approach to getting relevant documents online news documents with a specific threshold value and improving computing performance to get relevant documents with large documents....

One of the newest forecasting techniques today is the Statistical Downscaling (SDs) technique. The SDs technique is a procedure for inferring high-resolution information from low-resolution variables. Forecasting rainfall using the SDs technique is to build a function that can predict the value of a...

Poisson regression is one of the model to explain the functional relationship between response variable in the form of count and predictor variable. An important assumption in Poisson Regression analysis is equidispersion. In certain cases, where response variable consists of too many zeros, causing...

This study uses the MDA (Multiple Discriminant Analysis) Altman Z-Score to predict the status of financial distress in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019. MDA Stepwise model is used to prove that the variables used in the MDA Altman Z-Score method are the best variables...

Rainfall is one of the climates that has a big influence on life, such as aviation, plantations, and agriculture. Remote areas like Banyuwangi Regency are most likely to lack information on weather and climate data. Rainfall information in the future is also very decisive for the community in carrying...

One of the main problems in Papua Province is poverty, because the Poverty Depth Index (P1) in Papua Province is greater than other province, which was 7.17 in 2019. This value is bigger than the Poverty Depth Index in Indonesia which was only 1.55. This study will analyse the factors that affect the...

Information about rainfall is very necessary for the country of Indonesia which bears the title of an agricultural country. This is because the agricultural sector is very vulnerable to climate change, where rainfall is one indicator of climate change-related to crops. Therefore, an accurate rainfall...

Weather forecasting is one of the important factors in everyday life, because it can affect the activities carried out by the community. Weather forecasting refers to a series of activities carried out to produce a set of information about weather conditions. One method that can be used to model these...

Modification Detection Code (MDC) as an unkeyed hash function is designed to provide data integrity. Manipulation Detection Codes (MDC-2) is one of double-length (2n-bit) hash-values that requires 2 block cipher operations per block of hash input where the output size of the hash function is twice the...

The condition of the world experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in some daily activities limited by health protocols. The Indonesian government’s policy in the academic field has forced STIE Mandala Jember, as one of the private universities, to implement online-based new student admissions....

Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) is a digital signature algorithm that utilizes an elliptic curve. ECDSA consists of three steps, which are key generation, signature generation, and verification algorithm. ECDSA is used on Bitcoin transactions to generate the user’s public key, private...

Image is a digital media that is easy to change, so it is susceptible to being used for crime. Image changes may be affected by the unstable internet during transmission or deliberate manipulation of images for specific purposes. Hence, we need a tool to determine the authenticity of the image. One strategy...

Since October 2, 2009, UNESCO has acknowledged batik as one of Indonesia’s intellectual properties. Throughout the archipelago, distinct and diverse batik motifs have emerged and been produced with the passage of time; Madura batik is one of them. The Backpropagation Algorithm is used to recognize Madura...

Optimization problems have become interesting problems to discuss, including the knapsack problem. There are many types and variations of knapsack problems. In this paper, the authors introduce a new hybrid metaheuristic algorithm to solve the modified bounded knapsack problem with multiple constraints...