This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using a selfhood builder to improve selfhood as one component of self-esteem in children aged six. As a child’s foundation of courage to try new things, self-esteem supports children by giving them confidence to explore the environment. Because...

Individuals with intellectual disabilities have different needs related to both sexual education and sexual development. This is caused by their significant limitations in intellectual and adaptive functioning. This is especially true for a female, when these limitations raise problems caring for herself...

Individuals with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) are persons with an IQ between 70 and 85 points and characterized by their wide range of cognitive and social difficulties. During their school-age years, most of them have problems with school adjustment. Their ability to regulate emotion is...

Although several scales have been developed to measure social anxiety, none of these scales have focused on measuring social anxiety in the college setting. This study aimed to develop a scale to measure social anxiety that can be used specifically for college students. The scale was developed based...

Underachievement in mathematics is a phenomenon in which a student’s mathematics achievement falls below his/her learning potential. Motivation and self-regulation are two crucial factors in a student’s underachievement. By using single-subject A-B design, this study aimed to examine the effects of a...

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of a reproductive health psychoeducation program to enhance knowledge and ability of self-protection from sexual violence for children aged 5 - 6 years old. A total of 13 children participated in a reproductive health psychoeducation program using observational...

Reading is a complicated activity that involves cognitive and metacognitive strategies. To understand a text, metacognitive strategies can be used. Metacognitive strategies can help individuals to regulate their knowledge, manipulate information, and reflect understanding, in order to capture the meaning...

Previous research on moral emotion and moral identity was conducted particularly on guilt in the field of sports. However, the moral emotions do not include shame and guilt, which were important in investigating the relationship between moral emotions, such as shame and guilt, and moral identity. Thus,...

Intellectual disability is a significant limitation in the intellectual function and adaptive behavior of a person that appears before the age of 18 years. One of the adaptive behaviors is conceptual skill, which includes functional reading. For students with mild intellectual disabilities, the main...

Having a good relationship with one's peers is important for adolescents because it influences their self-perception. To establish a positive relationship with peers, good social skills are essential. Therefore, adolescents with social skill deficits require intervention. This study uses pre- and post-test...