Joint proceedings of the International Conference on Social Science and Character Educations (IcoSSCE 2018) and International Conference on Social Studies, Moral, and Character Education (ICSMC 2018)

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66 articles
Proceedings Article

The Effectiveness of Rational Emotive Behavior Group Counseling Against the Assertive Behavior of Students SMPN 1 Mlati, Sleman, Yogyakarta

Yulia Rahmatika Aziza, Edi Purwanta
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of rational emotive behavior group counseling against the assertive behavior of students SMPN 1 Mlati, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Rational emotive behavior group counseling has not been used for counseling process at SMPN 1 Mlati, Sleman, Yogyakarta. This research...
Proceedings Article

The Ecosytem Thematic Teaching Using Problem Based Learning Model to Enhance Student’s Critical Thinking Skill

Anik Twiningsih, Sajidan, Riyadi
The ecosystem is a lesson that studies the interrelationships between the living and the environment both biotic components and abiotic interplay. Students are required to understand the interaction between living things and life form a unity, order and material characteristics of a complex ecosystem,...
Proceedings Article

Project Based Learning Improves 5-6 Years Olds Cooperative Skills

Melia Dwi Widayanti, Farida Agus Setiawati
All of educational process reffering to 21st century educational purpose, and having a cooperative skills is one of them. This has increased the need of learning method that could improve children’s cooperative skills. In this research, we implement project based learning on 44 children (5-6 years old)...
Proceedings Article

An evaluation of the performance of senior high school history teachers in the Dompu region

Hen Ardiansyah, Aman
The purpose of this research is to know: (1) the performance of senior high school history teachers in Dompu region, (2) The performance of senior high school history teachers in Dompu region in learning implementation, and (3) the performance of senior high school history teachers Dompu region and evaluation...
Proceedings Article

Developing a career information module to increase career fantasy of elementary school students

Devi Trianasari, Edi Purwanta
This study was aimed to: (1) produce the illustration printed media of career information to increase career fantasy of elementary school students, (2)reveal the appropriateness of the developed career information module, and (3) reveal the effectiveness of the use of the developed career information...
Proceedings Article

Development of Android Application based on Holland's Theory of Individual Student Planning

Agus Ria Kumara, Caraka Putra Bhakti, Budi Astuti, Suwarjo, Muhammad Alfarizqi Nizamuddin Ghiffari, Fathia Irbati Ammattulloh
The purpose of this study to develop a theory Holland used as individual student planning in order to assist students in career planning by android application. Career is something important for students. The career of the students will determine the future of the students' future. The importance of...
Proceedings Article

The integration of prophetic values in developing the teachers’ personality competency assessment instrument

Atim Rinawati, Kumaidi, Harun
This study aimed to identify the prophetic values of Islam to find indicators that can be used as a reference in the development of the assessment instrument of teacher's personality competence. This study was written using the method of inductive content analysis.From the results of this study it was...
Proceedings Article

The Role of Sarangan Asri Cooperation in Increasing Cadger’s Income In Tourism Village Of Sarangan Lake Slope of Lawu Mountain

Bara Septian Laraswati, Sugiharsono
The purpose of this research is to know the role of Cooperative sarangan asri in increasing the income of street hawkers in Sarangan Lake Tourism Village. This research uses qualitative research methods, because researchers want to know the extent of business activities developed. This case study was...
Proceedings Article

The character education in islamic modern boarding school

Dewi Ratnasari, Dyah Kumalasari
This study aims to look at portraits of character education in schools using descriptive qualitative method with the case of study approach at boarding school of Baitussalam IT high school, Prambanan Yogyakarta. Character education for learners cannot be realized only in the classroom, but is also supported...
Proceedings Article

The influence of self-management in using gadgets against nomophobia in adolescents

Dian Ari Widyastuti, Siti Muyana
The study aims to determine the effect of self-management in using gadgets against nomophobia in adolescents. Study is a type of correlational research. Subjects in this study amounted to 540 students of SMK in Yogyakarta City which is determined through random sampling technique. Data collection using...
Proceedings Article

The implementation of character education in social studies

Fitriani, Zakir Has
This research aims to illustrate the implementation of character education in Social Studies learning. It uses naturalistic qualitative method. It was located at junior high school 4 Rumbio Jaya, Kampar Regency. The subject of this research was a Social Studies teacher. The data collection consisted...
Proceedings Article

Character Education Based on Sumang in SMA Negeri 15 Takengon Binaan Nenggeri Antara Aceh Tengah

Heni Susanti, Dyah Kumalasari
This paper to describe the integration of sumang values in the implementation of character education programs in SMA Negeri 15 Takengon. The results indicate that SMA Negeri 15 Takengon Binaan Nenggeri Antara Aceh Tengah has integrated the values of local wisdom sumang on the implementation of character...
Proceedings Article

The Influence Of Science Technology Society Model On The Capability Of Science Literacy Skills In Biology Subject

M. Sukandi Hamzah, Suhartini
This study aims to determine the significancy differences in science literacy among students who were taught using the model of Science Technology Society learning with students who were taught using conventional learning model in class X SMA Negeri 6 Kota Tidore Kepulauan school year 2018/2019. This...
Proceedings Article

Fish resource exploitation in the Besuki region during the pre-New Order period

Nawiyanto
This article discusses the fishing economy of the Besuki region during the pre-New Order period. The major questions to be addressed with here are how the fish resources extraction developed in the region across time and how the region was transformed into a leading fishing complex. Using a wide range...
Proceedings Article

The Effectiveness of Questioning Methods on Learning Activity of 7th Grade Students at Junior High School 2 Gamping

Nurizky Handayani, Badrun Kartowagiran
This research aims to reveal (1) the differences between Providing Questions and Getting Answers Method and Students Have Questions Method on the activeness and learni ng achievement of grade VII students of SMP N 2 Gamping and (2) the effectiveness of Providi ng Questions and Getting Answers Method...
Proceedings Article

The Opportunity Space in the Lombok’s Art of Gendang Beleq and its Relevance to the Character Education

Santriawan Azmi, Hadjar Pamadhi, I Wayan Suardana
The opportunity space in the gendang beleq art of Lombok provides thinking and interpretation for societies who watch the show. The value of opportunity space becomes important because a work of art influences the social environment and how people view the artwork. The art of gendang beleq contains cultural...
Proceedings Article

Quality Learning Tahfiz Design in Integrated Islamic Elementary School Sleman Special Region of Yogyakarta

Sigit Yuli Pramono, Herminarto Sofyan
This type of research can be classified as field research, descriptive qualitative in order to know the quality of tahfiz learning design in Khoiru Ummah Integrated Islamic Elementary School, Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The method used is qualitative method with interview and documentation...
Proceedings Article

Profile Of Teacher’s Strategy In Improving Student’s Cultural Intelligence

Suharli, Nana Supriatna, Enok Maryani, Kokom Komalasari
This study aims at describing some strategies used by teachers in improving the cultural intelligence of Junior High School student in Sumbawa, Indonesia. Teacher's strategy in this study is defined as the efforts to improve during the learning process of social science subject, especially on learning...
Proceedings Article

Integration Of Quality Science In Improving The Quality Of Legal Education To Globalization

Tarsisius Murwadji, Bambang Daru Nugroho
The law holds that quality science is a science for economists and technocrats. This essay argues that the opinion is not appropriate because it is a science that should be learned by all professions that produce products and services, including legal scholars. Current legal problems are largely due...
Proceedings Article

Role Playing For Cooperative Skills

Yuli Tri Andini, Farida Agus Setiawati
Children spend most of their time play with others. When they play, a lot of their ability will improve, and cooperative skills is one of them. To develop cooperative skills, it need the right methods. In this work, we implement role playing method on children age 5-6 years old to improve their cooperative...
Proceedings Article

The Influence of TAI Learning Model With Prezi to Improve Learning Outcomes in Accounting Subjects

Firda Listia Dewi, Sri Wening, Alifi Nur Prasetia Nugroho
This study aims to investigate the difference in the students’ learning outcomes before and after they learned through the Team Accelerated Instruction cooperative learning model with Prezi. This study employed a quasi-experimental method with one-group-pretest-posttest quantitative research design....
Proceedings Article

Analysis Of Character Value Application In Junior High School

Marlia Berliani, Sudrajat Yusti, Ajat
The purpose of this research is to know the analysis of the application of character value in Junior High School. Research subjects were 10 published articles on character education in Junior High Schools. The method used in this research is content analysis and descriptive. Data analysis was done by...
Proceedings Article

Evaluation of Geography Instructor-Candidate’s Spatial Thinking Ability through Spatially Designed Field-Course

Zaid Ali Wardana, Sigit Santosa, Yasin Yusup
Indonesian national curriculum (K-13) particularly geography’s syllabi for X, XI, and XII grade students was created with strongly contain of spatial thinking. K-13 represents how geography education world should be, it was briefly underlined a point view of geography. Moreover, it is also consisting...
Proceedings Article

The Effectiveness Of Using Comic Strips To Increase Students’ Reading Comprehension For The Eight Grade Of SMPN 1 Pundong

Zul Aini Rengur, Sugirin
This research was aimed to find out whether the use of comic strip was more effective than the use of conventional media in increasing students’ reading comprehension. This research was quasi-experimental research which involved two groups, there were the experimental group and the control group. The...
Proceedings Article

The Sonor Farming Tradition on Forest and Land Fire In Ogan Komering Ilir Regency South Sumatera

Mulyanto
Societies around forests are closely related to forest resources and their livelihood depends on the potential of the forest. Forests become a place for life and as a provider of their subsistence needs. Therefore, the relation between the society and the forests have become the culture and identity...
Proceedings Article

Implementation of Character Education in the Process of Learning on Attitude and Social Behavior (The Case Study of Budi Mulia Dua International High School)

Adimas Oktariyan Murestiyanto
Education in schools became a vehicle for student learning takes place where the teaching and learning process aimed not only to develop academic knowledge, yet also their social knowledge through the learning process of character education. This research expected to inspire teaching in the world of...
Proceedings Article

Use Of Interactive Learning Media Based On Macromedia Flash On Student Learning Outcomes

Arjunita Eka Putri, Mukminan
The purpose of this study was to influence differences in learning outcomes between students who use macromedia flash based interactive learning media with students using conventional learning media (model / display). This research method uses Research and Development. As the control class is class XI...
Proceedings Article

Guidelines for Integrating Character Education in Materials

Elsa Maria Marahati, Pangesti Wiedarti
Character education has been considered necessary for the development of students’ characters. Therefore, English language teaching should include character values in its materials. Considering the existance of English textbooks which included values contradicting with...
Proceedings Article

The Utilization Of Historical Laboratory As A History Learning Media In University PGRI Yogyakarta

Nadhira Nikmatullah, Wasino
This research is a qualitative research with descriptive approach. Resource persons in this research were laboratory head, laboratory manager, lecturers and students. Data collection in this research used interview method, observation and documentation. Data validity used two triangulation techniques,...
Proceedings Article

Developing Android-Based Historytoon Media In History Learning

Septia Rahandinasari, Djoko Suryo
Nowadays, the advancement of information and communication technology is growing rapidly, especially in the field of education, hence it is necessary to develop a learning media that is based on information and communication technology. The development of instructional media must be in accordance with...
Proceedings Article

The Influence of Education, Health and the Internet on Poverty in Indonesia

Teska D. Ratri, M. Sholeh
Poverty is the main focus in many countries. As in Indonesia, which includes the developing countries that the problems of poverty, welfare and lack of employment are important issues. Using the basic theory of the Poverty of the Poverty Circle (Vicious Cycle of Poverty) by Ragnar Nurkse (1953), the...
Proceedings Article

Strategy For Strengthening Character Education In Muhammadiyah Boarding School Yogyakarta

Agus Yuliyanto
Character Education is one of the important elements in the education world especially in facing the era of globalization which has eroded the values of the character of the Indonesian people. Character values that are supposed to be strong to keep all Indonesian people feel unable to deal with the onslaught...
Proceedings Article

Validity And Reliability Of State Attitudes And Historical Insights Of High School Students

Muhammad Iksan Zakaria, Supahar
This study aims to measure the value of the validity and reliability of state defense attitudes and insight into the history of high school students by not giving treatment to the subject to be studied. This research is an ex post facto type. This study uses a quantitative approach, because the information...
Proceedings Article

Enhancing the Learning Outcomes of Civic Education through Online Module

Eko Prasetyo, Abdul Gafur Daniamiseno
This current study aims at describing the development, eligibility, and effectivity of online moduleof civic education in junior high school. This investigation applies a Research and Development (R&D) approach adapting Borg and Gall’s model through a series stage, namely (1) initial study, covering...
Proceedings Article

Learning Culture as an Effort to Increase Interest in Continuing Studies

Monica Farra Diba, Trie Hartiti Retnowati
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memahami budaya belajar sebagai upaya meningkatkan minat melanjutkan studi. Permasalahan penelitian ini adalah kurangnya minat siswa SMP Negeri 1 Saptosari Gunungkidul untuk melanjutkan studi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan...
Proceedings Article

Citizenship Education as Value Education and the Nation's Strengthening of Character for Citizens

Siti Anisah, Marzuki
Globalization gives a negative impact penetrates on shifting the culture of the nation. To overcome it every citizen should have the characteristics of a strong in the face of the current global. Education is how powerful that is believed to be preparing a generation of the nation in order to have a...
Proceedings Article

Contribution of Educational System Quality and Health Condition to Welcome Demographic Bonus in Indonesia

Hasna Ula Nur Azizah, Setyabudi Indartono
Demographic transition that occurrs in the last decade in Indonesia will open opportunities for it to be able to achieve demographic bonus in 2020-2030. At that time, the number of productive age population is twice higher the non-productive one. This must be utilized as affective as possible because...
Proceedings Article

Impact and Criticism of Global Capitalism in the Industrial Era 4.0

Januardi, Ajat Sudrajat, Setyabudi Indartono
This article discusses the impact of global capitalism and gives a critique of global capitalism in the 4.0 industrial revolution that is currently developing in the global economy. Today global capitalism is almost everywhere, especially in the workplace, especially in the production and consumption...
Proceedings Article

Earthquake Vulnerability in West Nusa Tenggara: Risk Perception, Previous Experience and Preparedness

Alifurriza Qurnia Septia, Setyabudi Indartono
Indonesia is a disaster-prone country. It is proven by the occurrence of various disasters that continuously affect various regions, whether it is caused by natural factors (earthquakes, tsunami, floods, volcanic eruptions, landslides, hurricanes, etc.), or by non-natural factors such as various consequences...
Proceedings Article

Teaching Religious Tolerance Through Social Studies Education Based On Multicultural Approach

Anisca Dyah Permata Sari, Setyabudi Indartono
This article describes a form of multicultural based on education with various aspects of diversity. Theological science taught tends to be just to strengthen the faith and attainment of heaven without being accompanied by dialogue with other religions. This condition sometimes leads to intolerance....
Proceedings Article

Henna Art in Global Era: From Traditional to Popular Culture

Baiq Clara Dita Chairunnisa, Ade Solihat
In the last decade, the use of henna has been the trend of fashion, not only for people in Indonesia, but also throughout the world. The art of Henna, which is the art of painting some part of the body by using henna leaves plant, has been recognized for many centuries to the communities in Asia and...
Proceedings Article

Research-Based History Learning Model in SMAN 2 Bantul

Bayu Ananto Wibowo, Djoko Suryo
The purpose of research was to find out: (1) The implementation of research-based learning model in SMAN 2 Bantul as a learning innovation of Curriculum 2013, (2) The implementation of research-based learning model in History learning in SMAN 2 Bantul. This research was a qualitative descriptive research...
Proceedings Article

The Integration of Sustainable Consumption Education on Social Studies Learning to Increase Students’ Intention Toward Environmental Sustainability

Desy Rahmawati, Setyabudi Indartono
Towards sustainability requires a revolution in understanding and solving environmental problems. Sustainable consumption education is an education that is indispensable to form individuals who have a sense of responsibility towards the environment by being wise in choosing their daily needs. Sustainable...
Proceedings Article

Ecological Theory: Preventing Student Bullying to Promote Culture of Peace

Chania Dwi Chusnul Analisah, Setyabudi Indartono
The classic ecological theory of Bronfenbrenner is used as a framework for reviewing the risks and factors found associated with the involvement of bullying in school during childhood and adolescence. The theory consists of five environmental systems starting from personal interaction to the influence...
Proceedings Article

Senior High School Teachers’ Responses Towards the Use of PowerPoint in Developing Teaching Materials in Indonesian Context

Dini Kurnia Irmawati, Novita Rosyida, Tri Mega Asri, Dian Novita Dewi, Debri Haryndia Putri
This study aims to investigate senior high school teachers’ responses towards the use of PowerPoint in preparing teaching materials in their classroom context. This study involved 40 participants coming from several senior high schools in Malang Regency. The data were collected by using questionnaire...
Proceedings Article

The Meaning of Multicultural from The Perspective of Grade XI IPS MA Al Iman Bulus Purworejo

Dyah Emarkhatul Purnamasari, Caly Setiawan
This study aim to know about student experience and how they build the meaning based on that experience with Sociology subject Equality and Social Harmony in Multicultural society. This study using phenomenological framework as a research method. This research focus to explore student experience and...
Proceedings Article

Improving Interpersonal Communication Skills through Group Discussion Techniques in Grade VIII Students of SMP Negeri 1 Wates and SMP Negeri 3 Wates

Endah Rahmawati, Muh. Farozin
This study aimed to the improve interpersonal communication skills through group discussion techniques in grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Wates and SMP Negeri 3 Wates. This research is classroom action research conducted using Kemmis and Taggart model. The subject of this research was of class VIII...
Proceedings Article

The Implementation of Environmental Care Character Education Based on Tri Hita Karana and Ecotourism at Elementary Schools in Nusa Penida, Bali

I Nyoman Indhi Wiradika, Amat Jaedun
This research aims to describe: (1) the implementation of environmental care character education based on Tri Hita Karana (THK), (2) the implementation of environmental care character education based on ecotourism. This research was conducted on Nusa Penida Island, Bali Province, by using qualitative...
Proceedings Article

Character Education Values in the Youth Pledge History Learning Materials

Johan Setiawan, Aman
This paper was based on the background of the problem about the decline of the nation’s, especially students. History education has a vital role in the formation of character, because through history teaching can inherit the values available in a historical event. The method used in this research was...
Proceedings Article

Learning Innovation for Character Education in Global Era: Methods and Assessments

Mirsa Istiharoh, Setyabudi Indartono
Character education is addressed for preparing young generation to be more ready in facing some global challenges. In the implementation of character education, the right method and assessment are needed in order that the learning runs maximally. This article aims to describe innovation of method and...
Proceedings Article

Active Learning : Type of Card Sort to Enhance Students Achievement

Nia Widyawati Fitri Puspitarini, Ali Mustadi, Soeharto
This research is intended to know the use of active learning type card sort to enhance students achievement in history material of elementary students. This research gives solution regarding the problem of the lowest achievement of history lesson which is faced by the teacher who uses student center...
Proceedings Article

Effect of Learning Interest and Parental Social Support on Social Studies Learning Outcomes

Novi Dwisavitri, Trie Hartiti Retnowati
This study has purpose to determine the effect of: (1) Learning Interest on the Learning Outcomes of IPS, (2) Parents Social Support on the Learning Outcomes of IPS, (3) Learning Interest and Parents Social Support on the Learning Outcomes of Social Studies. Subjects in this study were all students...
Proceedings Article

Improving Motivation And Student Learning Outcomes Using Handout Based Student Centered Learning (SCL) Methods For Class VIII Students Of Junior High School 4 Gamping Sleman

Novia Kusuma Wardhani, Badrun Kartowagiran
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the application of learning using the Student Centered Learning (SCL) method based on Handout in increasing the motivation and learning outcomes of social studies of eighth grade students of Junior High School 4 Gamping Sleman. This research is...
Proceedings Article

Character Education at MAN 3 Palembang Boarding School

Revki Rama Delvi, Saefur Rochmat
This study aims to describe the application of character building values in Palembang MAN 3 dorm. This study uses qualitative research methods with the kind of case studies conducted in MAN 3 Palembang. Data collection techniques used in this study are observation, interviews and documentation. The validity...
Proceedings Article

Improving the Social Competence of the Students of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Sleman through Social Skill Training

Rida Aliim, Yulia Ayriza
The research aims to improve the social competence of the students of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Sleman through social skill training. The method used in this research was quantitative with the action research format. The model referred to Kemmis and Taggart model. The research subjects were the tenth grade...
Proceedings Article

Student Facilitator and Explaining in Improving Student Social Skills: Assertive Behavior in Opinion and Communication

Rifka Anisa, Ali Mustadi, Udik Budi Wibowo
This study was aimed at improving assertive behavior which is one aspect of social skills using Student Facilitator and Explaining (SFAE) method of semester VI students in the Social Studies concentration class of Elemantary School Teacher Education UMM. This type of research was classroom action research....
Proceedings Article

The Role of Families on Internalization of the Tolerance Values for Millennial Generation to Decrease the Potential of Intolerant Conflict and Radicalism Behavior within the Multi Religion Society

Suaidatul Kamalia, Setyabudi Indartono, Robitotul Islamiah
This article discusses the friction between religious adherents with various dimensions of interest that are hegemonic. After reviewing various literature related to radicalism and intolerance, we find that radicalism leads to thinking level of radical competence and radicalism which leads to actions...
Proceedings Article

Improving Critical Thinking among Junior High School Students through Assessment of Higher Level Thinking Skills

Tiara Septi Mislia, Setyabudi Indartono, Viktor Mallisa
Thinking is a natural process that is included in a cognitive process. The cognitive process will form a mental activity in order to gain knowledge and critical thinking of students. The ability to think critically can build meaningfulness in the social studies learning process. Critical thinking is...
Proceedings Article

Analysis Of Historical Material Of Islamic Civilization In Historical Textbooks At High School

Tio Anggara, Dyah Kumalasari
This study aims to analyze the breadth of the material history of Islamic civilization contained in Indonesian history textbooks for compulsory 10th grade in high school published by Erlangga. The results of the study show that: (1) the breadth of the material of the theory of entry and the development...
Proceedings Article

Articulation Of The Peasant Movement For Land Rights

Tomi Setiawan, Rilus A. Kinseng, Soeryo Adiwibowo, Damayanti Buchori
Sociologically, a social movements is part of the process of social formation. On the other hand, trajectory of recent agrarian studies converges on the interaction between the state and society, and the peasant movement to get land. This research is important because of a high agrarian conflict that...
Proceedings Article

The Effect Of Arcs Model On The Curiosity Character Of 21st Century Elementry School

Winda Lidia Lumbantobing, Haryanto
Curiosity is a very important trait in a human being. Curiosity character lays a strong foundation for learning, creating and finding something useful in life. This research aims to know the effect ARCS model has on the curiosity character of 21st century elementary school.It is the role of the educators...
Proceedings Article

The Effectiveness of Using Kahoot Media in History Learning at High School

Alifi Nur Prasetia Nugroho, Ersyah Yulia Nur
The purpose of this study are: first, to know the perceptions of the teacher/lecturer about the Kahoot application program in apperception of the teaching and learning process towards indicators of student activity, student and teacher enthusiasm, IT skills, innovative learning, creative in learning,...
Proceedings Article

Competency Development Management Geographic Teacher in Curriculum 2013 at SMA 1 Seyegan Sleman

Fajar Agung Nugroho, Hastuti
This research aims to find out in terms of planning, organizing, implementing and directing, controlling and evaluating. This research is a qualitative descriptive method approach. The subject is the geography teacher. The data analysis technique used was using a model developed by Miles & Huberman....
Proceedings Article

Effectiveness of Problem-Solving Methods and Inquiry Discovery on Geography Learning Outcomes

Muhammad Rizal, Mukminan
This research aims to know the effect of a problem solving and inquiry method towards a geography learning result in SMAN 1 Teupah Barat. This is a quantitative research style by an experimental method towards two student learning groups of X IIS grade applying a problem-solving method and X MIA 1 grade...
Proceedings Article

History Curriculum Policy for Highschool In New Order Era

Zulkarnain
This study aims to finds out: the policy of history curriculum for High school during the New Order era. The research method used is qualitative research using a historical approach. This study uses document studies as the main method. The document study was carried out on primary and secondary source...
Proceedings Article

A Humble and Meaningful Life of Commander in Chief, General Soedirman

Sardiman, Danu Eko Agustinova
This research aimed to: (1) identify the short biography of Soedirman, (2) describe the details about the humble life of General Soedirman, and (3) analyze the important meaning of humbleness value that had been lived by Soedirman for the civil and nation life of Indonesia. The method used in this research...