Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gingiva due to an accumulation of bacterial plaque that can cause periodontal structural damage. In general, to diagnose gingivitis involves clinical measurements and radiographic assessment which are often poorly tolerated by the patients and are also subjected to...

The objective of this study is to construct and validate a questionnaire regarding the assessment of perceived confidence, attitude and knowledge of dental undergraduates in handling medical emergencies in dental practice. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 82 dentists and clinical staff practicing...

Acute (primary) herpetic gingivostomatitis (AHGS) is the most common form of HSV-1 infection in the oral cavity. These infections are reported mostly in children, usually localized and asymptomatic but in adult patients and immunocompromised conditions tend to be more severe, last longer, and can lead...

Prolong teeth loss due to dental extraction causes interference with the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ), speech impairment and psychological aspects of aesthetics. For the fulfillment of general, dental and oral health, denture is needed to maintain necessary function of chewing. Generally, after tooth...

External resorption and open apex are pathological conditions which can occur due to chronic inflammation after a dental trauma. In order to stop the pathological conditions, surgical correction and apexification is performed. New calcium silicate-based materials are used as new variety of Mineral Trioxide...

Down syndrome often causes several dental anomalies, such as hypodontia, taurodontia and microdontia. This research aims to determine the prevalence of some dental anomalies in Down syndrome individuals using panoramic radiographs of students in Pembina disable school Medan. As many as 12 subjects with...

Tooth extraction is always followed by wound healing process. Macrophage plays role as a phagocytosis cells, inducing granulation tissue formation, re-epitelisation and angiogenesis process. Avocado (Persea americana) is a tropical fruits due to flavonoids contained has many benefits like provide immunostimulatory...

Bagasse is a residual of sugarcane which has experienced five times of extortion. Bagasse has been researched and it can be used as a fiber for material outside the field of dentistry. Fiber that most often used in dentistry is an Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE). Most often fiber...

According to AAP (2008), children with special health care needs were defined as "children with any physical, developmental, mental, sensory, behavioral, cognitive, or emotional impairment or limiting condition that requires medical management, health care intervention, and/or specialized services or...

Platelet-Rich Plasma already used by oral surgeon and periodontics due to enhance the bone remodels. Orthodontic tooth movement affects bone remodeling process, bone resorption on the pressure side and new bone formation on the tension side. This is the objective of this research, to observe the effect...

A female patient of 23 years old with skeletal Class III malocclusion (ANB -3°), crossbite anterior, prognated mandible (SNB 90°), proclination of upper anterior teeth (I : SN 121°), normal inclination of lower anterior teeth (I : MP 96°), counter-clockwise rotation mandible (MP:SN 23°). The patient...

The teeth, muscles (associated nerves) and joints are considered as an interdependent unit in neuromuscular dentistry component. The embryonic development of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) differs considerably from other synovial joints. Condylar cartilage is an important site of mandibular growth...

A complete dental record can be used in solving legal cases as well as forensic cases in dentistry. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia has established a minimum standard of filling dental records. A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the completeness of the contents of dental records...

The mandibular third molar impaction is a frequent case in dentistry. Various investigations are required prior to the removal of the mandibular third molar impaction, such as CBCT 3D radiography. This radiograph can provide optimum results for the investigation of mandibular third molar impaction. Case...

Heat cured acrylic resin has been used as dental prosthetic devices because of its excellent appearance, simple processing technique and easy repair. The absence of filler on acrylic resin causes limitation of flexural strength at the time of use. Fish scales can be used as filler to reinforce the acrylic...

One of the most common birth defects is cleft lip and palate. Infants with cleft lip and palate suffer from difficulty in feeding, due to lack of coordination between lips, tongue, and palate. This condition disrupts several functions including sucking, swallowing, aspiration and therefore inhibits infant's...

The gonial angle (mandibular angle) is a radiomorphometric index from the angle of the mandible, which is formed between the inferior border and the posterior border of the mandible. The mandible is one of the causes of various forms of malocclusion. This study was conducted to determine the changes...

Lemongrass extract contains citral and geranial that act as the antibacterial property. The mechanism of citral that acts as antibacterial agent is the "hydrophobicity" characteristic that able to rip apart the mitochondria's lipid layer of the membrane cell. The alcohol compound can also cause the denaturation...

Ninety percent of malignant tumors that present in the mouth are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). It may affect any anatomical site in the mouth, but most commonly found on the lip, ventral or lateral tongue and the floor of the mouth. These lesions are seen as red, white, red-white, exophytic, or ulcerative...

Hypodontia is defined as the absence of one to six teeth. There is high prevalence of hypodontia recorded in Malaysia (2.8%). This study aimed to identify any mutation of MSX1 in Malaysian family with hypodontia and its clinical finding. We re-examined 4 individuals from a family of the previous PAX9...

Skeletal Class III malocclusion is some of the most complex cases to treat. Currently, orthognathic surgery and orthodontic camouflage are the standard technique for treating this condition in fully growing patients. With skeletal Class III orthodontic patients camouflage can be used to treat milder...

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is the purest form of coconut oil, essentially water-clear or colourless that consists mainly of medium chain saturated fatty acids. For over many decades, the biological properties of VCO have been widely explored and investigated due to their antimicrobial potentials. The large...

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral mucosal disease characterized by regular, round or oval, painful ulcers with an erythematous border that recur on a regular basis on the nonkeratinized oral mucosae such as labial, buccal, alveolar, and ventral tongue mucosa. Different etiologies and...

One of the factors that related to biological aging in humans is genetic. The aging process can occur due to genetic accumulation and epigenetic modification that lead to progressive cellular damage and weakened tissue functions that causing limitation of abilities to maintain the balance/ homeostasis....

Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by interference of the immune system. There are several criteria to establish a diagnosis of this disease including oral mucosal lesions. Oral mucosa lesions are an important part because they can be the initial presentation of LE. The...

Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) and Recurrent Intraoral Herpes (RIH) are the most common oral lesions found in dental practice. The diagnosis can be made based on patient's history and clinical examination. Due to similarity of size, shape, number, and location of these ulcers, however, it may be...

Demineralization causes plaque calcium (Ca) to dissolve out from the enamel. Prolonged condition would allow enamel caries to worsen. To reverse the condition via remineralization, abundant of free available Ca and phosphorus (P) in the saliva are required. Thus, daily diet with high Ca and P content...

Smoking is one of the predisposing factors for oral candidiasis. The mechanism is possibly caused by chemical substances in cigarettes that can provide nutritionS for candida, local changes in epithelium that which leads to candida colonization, decreased antibodies in saliva and decreased salivary flow...

Increasing age, especially in postmenopausal women, shows a decline in anabolic hormones activity and an increase in anti-anabolic hormones activity. This causes bone resorption and may lead to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a degenerative disorder marked by decrease in bone mass because of imbalance...

One of the major problems of fixed orthodontic treatment is controlling the enamel demineralization that occurs around the bracket. RMGIC is a modified composite resin with anti caries-effect caused by fluoride release. This study aimed to determine the effect of anti caries RMGIC as an orthodontic adhesive...

Class III malocclusion has a great variation of skeletal pattern in either the antero-posterior orvertical planes. If left untreated, Class III malocclusion in the growing children will become worse with age, presented by the growth of the mandible exceeding the growth of the maxilla.A male patient aged...

Oral cancer detection is difficult in the early stages leading to high mortality rate of the disease. Therefore, a new method of early detection of oral carcinoma is required as treatment in the early stages is more effective at minimizing morbidity. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences...

Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease, and the most common type of osteoporosis is involutional osteoporosis associated with aging and menopause. Estrogen deficiency in menopause and post-menopause is a major pathogenic factor in bone loss. Osteoporosis in the skeletal bone of the body also occurs...

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a condition where the heart is unable to pump adequate blood to organs and tissues, due to one-part failure so that there is blood pooling in the heart. CHF patient needs more attention by dentist, because oral focus infection can affect patient's heart condition. Furthermore,...

According to the American Association of Orthodontists (AAO) the length of comprehensive orthodontic treatment can range from approximately 12 to 36 months, depending on treatment options and individual characteristics. One of the biggest challenges an adult orthodontic patient is the duration spent...