In order to validate the design of retaining systems in deep excavation, measurements of site deformations become necessary. Usually, horizontal displacements are measured using inclinometers and vertical 6x6 cm steel gains. These gains are often installed in the rigid or flexible vertical concrete element....

In recent times, many old underground coal mines are being converted into opencast workings. In the process, removal of waste rock over the old galleries and maintaining a stable slope is a very difficult task. In such cases, continuous slope monitoring may be required. Though there are many methods...

In order to maintain the economic and safety demand in underground projects for hydropower there is a vital necessity of advance geological prediction by using the seismic reflection prediction technique. Tunnelling in many projects suffered due to uncertain or even unknown geological problems such as...

The challenging nature of strata dynamics in and around goaf edge of a depillaring operation warrants continuous vigilance over the dynamics for a safe and efficient working. Depending upon the nature of the working and surrounding rock mass, a variety of geo-technical instruments are, generally, deployed...

Most of the underground coal mines in the Indian Geo-mining conditions are developed and depillared by Bord and Pillar method. Caving behaviour and strata control are the major concerns to be considered while extraction of coal seams in such workings. This paper describes the results of a scientific...

Current methods of geotechnical data collection require the engineers and technicians to cover large areas of surface and underground excavations to take measurements and assess field conditions and ground support response. The analysis of this information is most often done in the office and correlations...

Large seismic events sometimes occur in underground coal mines - usually as the roof sandstone strata violently fail. Passive microseismic monitoring is a useful tool for monitoring the stability of these strata as mining progresses.  The layered medium results in refracted seismic waves, and thus ray-tracing...

The powerhouse of Tapovan Vishnugad Hydropower project (TVHPP) of NTPC is located in the tail of the Great Himalaya range in the Chamoli district, Uttrakhand and is located at +300m depth having adverse geological conditions. The project area is situated near the northern side of MCT around 2.0 Km and...

Final extraction in underground coal mining is associated with hazards and risks of accidents relating to fall of roof and sides due to in equal strata movement in active mining zone. Strata movement exhibits dynamism on loading effect during Bord and Pillar extraction in proportion to increase in goaf...