Nanoparticles based bioremediation approach for heavy metal removal

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6239-695-1_3How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Heavy Metal; Bioremediation; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology

Abstract

Heavy metal contamination poses a significant threat to ecosystems and human health due to its toxicity, persistence, and bio accumulative nature. Conventional remediation methods, such as chemical precipitation and ion exchange, often suffer from high costs, inefficiency, and secondary pollution. To address these limitations, this study explores nanoparticle-based bioremediation as a sustainable and efficient approach for heavy metal removal. The integration of nanotechnology with biological remediation processes leverages the high surface area and reactivity of nanoparticles to enhance microbial, enzymatic, and plant-based metal uptake and transformation. Various nanomaterials, including metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoadsorbents, and bio-nanoparticles, demonstrate exceptional heavy metal adsorption and stabilization capabilities. Additionally, green synthesis methods using plant extracts and microorganisms provide eco-friendly nanoparticle production pathways. This review highlights the mechanisms of nanoparticle-assisted remediation, such as adsorption, redox reactions, and enhanced biofilm formation, which accelerate heavy metal detoxification. Despite its potential, challenges such as nanoparticle toxicity, environmental persistence, and large-scale application barriers require further investigation. The study emphasizes that future research should prioritize eco-friendly synthesis techniques, scalable deployment strategies, and environmental risk assessments to optimize nanoparticle-based bioremediation for practical applications. This approach offers a promising pathway toward cleaner ecosystems and sustainable heavy metal management.

Copyright

© 2026 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - A. Suman Guru Eswar
AU  - Rubal Lathwal
AU  - Sahil Sharma
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/05/30
TI  - Nanoparticles based bioremediation approach for heavy metal removal
BT  - 2nd International Conference on Advanced Materials & Devices for Futuristic Applications-2024 (IC-AMDFA 2024)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 28
EP  - 40
SN  - 2590-3217
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-695-1_3
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6239-695-1_3
ID  - Eswar2026
ER  -