Research on Factors Affecting Indonesia’s Tea Exports

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6239-670-8_15How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Indonesian Tea Exports; Gravity Model; Panel Data; GDP Per Capita; Exchange Rate; Population Size; Economic Distance; Trade Flows; International Trade

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the export value of Indonesian tea commodities using the Gravity Model approach. The independent variables include GDP per capita, exchange rate, population size, and economic distance across a panel of nine importing countries from 2013 to 2023. The research applies a Random Effects panel data regression model, validated through the Hausman test and accompanied by diagnostic tests for heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation, and normality. The results reveal that economic distance has a statistically significant and positive effect on Indonesia’s tea exports, indicating that stronger economic integration or linkages positively affect trade volumes. Conversely, GDP per capita, exchange rate, and population size show no statistically significant influence on tea exports, suggesting the possibility of non-economic or commodity-specific factors moderating these traditional gravity model predictors. Overall, the model is jointly significant with an R-squared of 27.98%, indicating a moderate explanatory power. The findings support the relevance of the Gravity Model in explaining trade flows but highlight the importance of economic closeness over purely macroeconomic size in the case of Indonesia’s tea export sector.

Copyright

© 2026 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this license to share adapted material derived from this chapter or parts of it.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Septihani Michella Wijaya
AU  - Hetty Karunia Tunjungsari
AU  - Yang Jia Shan
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/05/13
TI  - Research on Factors Affecting Indonesia’s Tea Exports
BT  - Proceedings of the fourteenth International Conference on Entrepreneurship and Business Management 2025 (ICEBM 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 179
EP  - 192
SN  - 2352-5428
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-670-8_15
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6239-670-8_15
ID  - Wijaya2026
ER  -