Sustainable Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.) Production through Cocoa Pod Biochar and Effective Microorganism Ratios

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6463-944-5_4How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Cocoa pod biochar; Effective microorganism; Jack Bean; Canavalia ensiformis; Sustainable; Growth and yield

Abstract

Agriculture plays a dual role in climate change, acting both as a source and a potential sink for greenhouse gas emissions. Achieving net zero emissions requires innovative farming practices that not only sustain crop productivity but also enhance carbon sequestration. This study investigates the effects of different rates of biochar (5%, 10%, 15%) and EM (1%, 3%, 5%) on the growth and yield of Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.) cultivated in topsoil amended with EFB compost (4:1 ratio). Growth and yield parameters, including plant height, number of leaves, branches, flowers, and pods, were measured. These findings reveal that biochar, particularly at a 10% concentration, significantly improves plant height (up to 177.20 cm), number of leaves (40.03), number of branches (13.00), and number of pods (3.13). These enhancements demonstrate biochar’s potential to boost crop yields while simultaneously contributing to carbon sequestration in soil, thereby reducing atmospheric carbon and supporting climate mitigation efforts. Similarly, EM applications, especially at 5%, stimulated vegetative growth, resulting in a significant increase in the number of leaves (39.83), branches (15.30), and flowers (7.93). While EM did not significantly impact pod formation, its marked effect on plant vigor suggests its role in promoting plant health and potentially reducing reliance on synthetic agrochemicals. This aligns with sustainable agricultural practices that aim to minimize the use of energy and application of conventional fertilizers, thereby decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. The results demonstrate that both biochar and EM can serve as valuable amendments in agricultural systems. Integrating these sustainable biological and material inputs represents a promising approach towards achieving higher agricultural output within a net-zero emission framework.

Copyright

© 2025 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Zubaidah Yusop
AU  - Sharifah Mazenah Wan Yusuf
AU  - Abdul Rahman Saili
AU  - Siti Sahmsiah Sahmat
AU  - Mohamad Zulfikar Kamil
AU  - Ahmad Shahir Abd Aziz
AU  - Rosalina Yuliana Ayen
AU  - Adriene Geoffery
AU  - Rickson Isugian
AU  - Shreenica Suliman
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/12/26
TI  - Sustainable Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.) Production through Cocoa Pod Biochar and Effective Microorganism Ratios
BT  - Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Energy: Toward Energy Transition and Net-Zero Emission (ICOSE 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 24
EP  - 32
SN  - 3005-155X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-944-5_4
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-944-5_4
ID  - Yusop2025
ER  -