Proceedings of the 2nd International Seminar of Science and Applied Technology (ISSAT 2021)

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Conversion of Crude Hevea brasiliensis Oil to Biodiesel Utilizing Perna viridis Waste Shells as Solid Catalysts

Authors
Mahanum Mohd Zamberi1, 2, *, Nor Faizah Haminudin1, Farid Nasir Ani2, Mohd Farid Muhamad Said2, Hairul Bakri1, Fadhilah Shikh Anuar1
1Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal & Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia
2School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author. Email: mahanum@utem.edu.my
Corresponding Author
Mahanum Mohd Zamberi
Available Online 23 November 2021.
DOI
10.2991/aer.k.211106.078How to use a DOI?
Keywords
Biodiesel; heterogeneous catalyst; microwave; transesterification
Abstract

The over-reliance and environmental damage caused by the use of fossil fuels have created the need to explore an alternative source of renewable and clean energy. Free Fatty Acid (FFA) from Hevea brasiliensis oil or commonly known as rubber seed oil (RSO) was utilized as feedstock with the aid of waste mollusk shells (Perna viridis) using domestic household batch microwave irradiation technique. The mollusk shells were sieved to particles sizes ranging from 1 mm to 2 mm and were calcined at 900oC for 4 hours at 5oC/min heating rate. SEM-EDS, XRF, and XRD were performed to characterize the surface morphologies and composition of the catalyst. The two-step esterification-transesterification process reduced the total acid number of RSO from 104.70 mg KOH/g to 0.463 mg KOH/g. The optimum yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) reached up to 96.6% under optimal conditions of 12:1 methanol molar ratio, catalyst loading of 12 weight percent (wt%) oil, 7 minutes of reaction time, and 400-Watt microwave power input. The produced methyl ester fatty acids composition was analyzed via GC-MS and the physicochemical properties such as kinematic viscosity, acid value, flash point, density, water content, and calorific value were analyzed according to the American Society for Testing and Materials D6751 (ASTM D6751) and European Committee for Standardization (EN 14214) and were found to be within the requirements.

Copyright
© 2021 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press International B.V.
Open Access
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license.

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Volume Title
Proceedings of the 2nd International Seminar of Science and Applied Technology (ISSAT 2021)
Series
Advances in Engineering Research
Publication Date
23 November 2021
ISBN
10.2991/aer.k.211106.078
ISSN
2352-5401
DOI
10.2991/aer.k.211106.078How to use a DOI?
Copyright
© 2021 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press International B.V.
Open Access
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license.

Cite this article

risenwbib
TY  - CONF
AU  - Mahanum Mohd Zamberi
AU  - Nor Faizah Haminudin
AU  - Farid Nasir Ani
AU  - Mohd Farid Muhamad Said
AU  - Hairul Bakri
AU  - Fadhilah Shikh Anuar
PY  - 2021
DA  - 2021/11/23
TI  - Conversion of Crude Hevea brasiliensis Oil to Biodiesel Utilizing Perna viridis Waste Shells as Solid Catalysts
BT  - Proceedings of the 2nd International Seminar of Science and Applied Technology (ISSAT 2021)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 498
EP  - 504
SN  - 2352-5401
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.211106.078
DO  - 10.2991/aer.k.211106.078
ID  - Zamberi2021
ER  -