Reference Evapotranspiration Trends in A Semi-Arid Mediterranean Climate: A Six-Decade Station Record From Adana, Türkiye (1960–2024)

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6239-666-1_18How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Reference Evapotranspiration; Climate-Resilient Planning; Trend Analysis; Climate Variability

Abstract

Evapotranspiration is a crucial element of the hydrological cycle, directly affecting the availability of water resources and the sustainability of both irrigated and rain-fed agricultural systems. Understanding its long-term variability is essential for developing effective climate adaptation and water resources management strategies. This study analyzes trends in evapotranspiration time series computed from the monthly records of the Adana meteorological station (1960–2024) in a semi-arid region of Türkiye. The standardized FAO Penman–Monteith method was employed to estimate ETo based on observed meteorological variables. Temporal trends were assessed at monthly, seasonal, and annual scales using the non-parametric Mann–Kendall trend detection test, while Sen’s slope estimator was applied to quantify the magnitude of changes. Research results revealed statistically significant increasing trends in ETo during April, July, October, and December, and decreasing trends in January, June, August, September, and November. At the seasonal scale, ETo exhibited declining trend behaviour in winter, summer, and autumn, despite an overall increasing trend on an annual basis. These findings highlight the impact of climate change on evapotranspiration and underscore the importance of long-term monitoring in guiding water resource management and climate-resilient agricultural planning.

Copyright

© 2026 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Omar Alsenjar
AU  - Mahmut Cetin
AU  - Hakan Aksu
AU  - Volkan Çatalkaya
AU  - Ali Demir Keskiner
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/05/07
TI  - Reference Evapotranspiration Trends in A Semi-Arid Mediterranean Climate: A Six-Decade Station Record From Adana, Türkiye (1960–2024)
BT  - Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Research of Agricultural and Food Technologies (I-CRAFT 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 192
EP  - 212
SN  - 3005-155X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-666-1_18
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6239-666-1_18
ID  - Alsenjar2026
ER  -