Monthly Vs Daily Penman–Monteith Estimates of Reference Evapotranspiration: A 65-Year Record from Adana, Türkiye

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6239-666-1_17How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo); Climate Variability; Planning of Irrigation Systems; Water Resources Management

Abstract

This study evaluates reference evapotranspiration (ETo) using a long-term meteorological record acquired from the Adana meteorological station in southern Turkey. The standardised FAO-56 Penman–Monteith method was applied at two temporal resolutions: (i) ETo computed directly from monthly climatic data, and (ii) ETo obtained by aggregating ETo estimated from daily climatic data. Agreement between the two approaches was assessed using Pearson’s correlation and paired t-tests. The results showed a very close correspondence, with a high correlation (r = 0.99), a mean bias of −0.92 mm per month (defined as the difference between the monthly input and the daily aggregated ETo), and no statistically significant difference (paired t-test, p > 0.05). These results suggest that where daily climate records are unavailable, the standardised FAO-56 Penman–Monteith method driven by monthly inputs can reliably estimate monthly ETo. Furthermore, study findings highlight the applicability of the technique in regions with long-term but coarse-resolution data, with valuable implications for water resource management and agricultural planning.

Copyright

© 2026 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Mahmut Cetin
AU  - Omar Alsenjar
AU  - Volkan Çatalkaya
AU  - Ali Demir Keskiner
AU  - Hakan Aksu
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/05/07
TI  - Monthly Vs Daily Penman–Monteith Estimates of Reference Evapotranspiration: A 65-Year Record from Adana, Türkiye
BT  - Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Research of Agricultural and Food Technologies (I-CRAFT 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 180
EP  - 191
SN  - 3005-155X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-666-1_17
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6239-666-1_17
ID  - Cetin2026
ER  -