All of the articles in this proceedings volume have been presented at the I-CRAFT 2025 during 20-23 October 2025” in GANJA. These articles have been peer reviewed by the members of the Scientific Committee and approved by the Editor-in-Chief, who affirms that this document is a truthful description of...

This study aims to achieve fully autonomous fruit harvesting in greenhouses utilizing soilless agriculture by integrating artificial intelligence (AI)-driven deep learning algorithms and robotic arm systems. Based on a comprehensive literature review, a conceptual model has been proposed featuring an...

This article defines the parameters of the seeding disk designed for clustered sowing in a pneumatic seeding apparatus. To ensure the tight placement of seeds in the cluster, the holes in the group must be positioned as closely as possible. However, excess seeds tend to stick more to closely spaced holes...

Currently, aluminum alloys are widely used in the production of agricultural machinery parts. This article discusses the technology of increasing the tensile strength of aluminum alloys under the influence of various modifying elements. Samples were cast and tested. The studies were conducted on aluminum-copper...

One of the leading places in the world is occupied by the development and application of technologies and technical means of sowing seeds on untreated soil. The great importance is the creation and production of machines and devices that allow planting seeds of agricultural crops on untreated soil with...

For each type of forestry area, special soil cultivation is required, a specific type and size of seedlings for planting, and a planting scheme. Applied to forestry seedling planting machines according to agrotechnical requirements. The general requirements for them are as follows: proper placement of...

The accurate and efficient representation of complex geometric shapes is a critical challenge in various fields, including computer-aided design (CAD), computer graphics, simulation, and manufacturing. Traditional methods often struggle to handle intricate and organic shapes, necessitating the development...

The article discusses the possibility of applying precision and smart agriculture while reducing the environmental impact of chemical treatments, associated with drones that form highly dispersed droplets. This allows for the protection of agricultural, medicinal, and other plants from pests and diseases,...

In primary silk cocoon processing facilities, only the hot air (convective) method is currently used for the inactivation and drying of silkworm pupae. However, most of the equipment operating with this method is physically and morally outdated, constructed from bulky and heavy metal materials, which...

This article presents the design and testing results of an Integrated Unit for chemical and electron beam treatment of agricultural plants. Chemical treatment is performed using a fan sprayer. Electron beam treatment is carried out using two ultraviolet irradiation (UVI) lamps mounted on the front of...

This article presents the results of a theoretical study on the deviation of water flow from the flow line in direct-flow sprinkling devices. The deviation of water flow from the flow line significantly affects its distribution over the field surface and the efficiency of sprinkling. The article also...

This study addresses the role of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and their advanced version, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), in the early diagnosis of diseases in agriculture and their application potential in vineyards. The time-consuming and costly nature of traditional methods has accelerated...

This article examines the application of digital technologies in the agricultural sector of Azerbaijan and compares them with global trends. Key technologies such as smart farming, the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and blockchain are assessed for their potential to improve the...

The article explores the inevitability of audit digitization in the rapidly evolving technological economy. It examines the integration of artificial intelligence and process automation into auditing activities, enabling the automation of repetitive tasks, enhancing data examination, and improving the...

Accurate estimation of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) is crucial for enhancing water use efficiency in large-scale irrigation networks. Furthermore, quantifying elements of the basin-scale water budget is crucial for assessing variations in water components and identifying potential deficits or surpluses....

Accurate estimation of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) is crucial for sustainable water resource management, particularly in large-scale irrigation districts. This study presents a comparative evaluation of the METRIC and Kc-NDVI models for estimating ETa of wheat during two consecutive hydrological...

This study evaluates reference evapotranspiration (ETo) using a long-term meteorological record acquired from the Adana meteorological station in southern Turkey. The standardised FAO-56 Penman–Monteith method was applied at two temporal resolutions: (i) ETo computed directly from monthly climatic data,...

Evapotranspiration is a crucial element of the hydrological cycle, directly affecting the availability of water resources and the sustainability of both irrigated and rain-fed agricultural systems. Understanding its long-term variability is essential for developing effective climate adaptation and water...

In the arid Tacna region of Peru, Hass avocado cultivation is constrained by limited water resources and the need for efficient irrigation practices. This study investigates the combined effects of soil characteristics and irrigation efficiency on Hass avocado yield and growth across diverse production...

During the research, optimal feeding and irrigation regimes for the forage crops “Nayman” and “Shaftoli” varieties of millet were determined, for example, when the soil moisture before irrigation is 65-70-60% compared to the CHDNS; 70-75-65% and the calculated soil layer during irrigation is 30-50-50 cm,...

Currently, aluminum alloys are widely used in the production of agricultural machinery parts. This article discusses the technology of increasing the tensile strength of aluminum alloys under the influence of various modifying elements. Samples were cast and tested. The studies were conducted on aluminum-copper...

The efficient use of waste produced during food processing is crucial for mitigating environmental damage, as well as for enhancing value and diversifying goods. In the future, the proliferation of food processing factories will correspond with population growth, leading to an escalation in food waste...

This study investigated the in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities and cytotoxic effects of twelve naturally derived phenolic compounds isolated from Scorzonera ketzkhowelii Sosn. ex Grossh. AChE inhibition was assessed by the Ellman colorimetric method, using galantamine as a reference...

Various crises that have occurred recently demonstrate the instability of the existing model of economic development. A significant drawback of this model is the absolutization of economic growt to the detriment of solving social and environmental problems. At the same time, the problem of climate change...

This study evaluated the drying efficiency of green and purple basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) varieties at three phenological stages (two weeks before flowering, one week before flowering, and at flowering) under Niğde ecological conditions, incorporating Mycorrhiza and Trichoderma treatments to assess...

Hybrid wheat is generally recognized for its outstanding stress resistance and yield stability. Under water stress conditions, it often achieves higher yield compared to conventional wheat varieties. In this study, two winter wheat hybrids from the Jingmai series were used as research objects. With conventional...

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) has high nutrional value and it can be use for food human and livestocks and as green manure. The aim of this study was determine the grain yield and yield-related characteristics of some faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars. This study was carried out in experiment area of the...

The work studied the biopreparation Boms, persecution in preparation. Empirical data are presented on the effect of the biological product on the development, formation, speed of detection of bolls and the productivity of the cotton variety “Andijan - 37 -”. The experiments conducted in the Tashkent...

Cotton production is the main branch of agriculture in Uzbekistan, where extensive scientific and practical experience has been accumulated in cotton-growing agro-technologies. The unique soil and climatic conditions of the country create natural challenges for cotton cultivation. Early spring precipitation...

Depending on the application of complex agrotechnical measures, in the “Ganja-182” cotton variety, under the planting scheme of 74,000 plants per hectare (90x15x1), with sowing carried out on April 25, application of N120P75K50 fertilizer per hectare, thinning on May 15, and irrigation regime 1-4-0,...

The morphological and economic characteristics of local cotton varieties (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were studied under different soil and climatic conditions. The dynamics of variability and heritability of traits, as well as correlations between them, were analyzed over several years. It was found that...

One of the main goals of cotton production in Uzbekistan is the development of high-yielding cotton varieties resistant to abiotic and biotic factors, as well as the establishment of a sustainable seed industry. A stable seed production infrastructure not only improves yields but also significantly enhances...

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the yield components and essential oil characteristics of the local Arapgir Purple Basil (Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens.) cultivar cultivated in two distinct ecological regions of Türkiye: Arapgir and Battalgazi. Arapgir, located in Malatya province, is recognized...

This article analyzes the breeding value of studying perspective varieties and forms of sweet chestnut in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Our route observation revealed significant variation in individual traits and ages of sweet chestnut trees in the Sheki-Zagatala region, as well as the presence of trees...

Sweet sorghum is an important crop for forage production due to its high biomass yield, forage quality, adaptability to adverse environmental conditions, and suitability for cultivation as a second crop. This study was conducted to evaluate the forage yield and quality characteristics of eight sweet...

The study presents the development of an innovative technology for propagating seedlings of local citrus varieties—lemon, orange, and mandarin—using the biopolymer-based preparation UZKHITAN. This preparation, a polymer mixture of chitin and carboxymethyl cellulose, was applied to citrus cuttings to...

This study was conducted to determine the effect of planting schemes and planting dates on the rooting ability and growth performance of green cuttings of Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi). The experiments were carried out under greenhouse conditions during 2022–2024 using the “Hayward” cultivar. The cuttings...

This study investigates the effect of compounds synthesized from 2-amino-6-oxypurine and hydrazine on the growth of the root system of maize (Zea mays L.). The synthesized derivatives were obtained under mild reaction conditions and characterized using spectroscopic methods. Experimental results demonstrated...

The paper consider examines the particular methylation of 1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one in different solvents and its organic effect on maize (Zea mays L.) root development. Methylation responses were carried out in polar and nonpolar media such as ethanol, acetone, and toluene to decide dissolvable impacts...

This study was conducted in the climate chamber of the Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, using a randomized plot design with three replications. The plant materials consisted of forage soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] varieties “Yemsoy” and “Yeşilsoy.” DAP...

The physiological maturation period of wheat and other grains is dependent on various factors, including the biological, ecological, genetic, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of the crop and variety, the cultivation conditions, the hygroscopicity and air permeability of the seed, as well...

The study of bioecological properties of soils formed under hazelnuts is a very important and urgent issue for the economically efficient cultivation of hazelnuts in the Republic of Azerbaijan. The bio-activity of row spacing and tree trunk strips was determined. In ten-year-old hazelnut orchards, the...

In the world, scientific research is being conducted on such priority areas as determining the current state of soils and their changes under the influence of anthropogenic factors, improving their melioration state, preserving and increasing fertility. In particular, special attention is being paid...

This study investigates the effects of various biostimulants on growth, physiological performance and biochemical traits of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata f. rubra) subjected to 50 mM NaCl-induced salt stress. Plants were cultivated in a 1:1 soil-to-peat mixture and treated with different...

The article presents information about the susceptibility of aphids, spider mites and scale insects from sucking pests that cause serious damage to orchards, and the composition of entomophages in the fight against them. Obtaining a high-quality harvest in gardens is one of the pressing problems; it...

Lebanon’s diverse agroecosystems sustain rich agrobiodiversity, shaped by centuries of traditional knowledge (TK) that underpins climate-resilient and multifunctional food systems. This study documents TK across coastal plains, inland valleys, mountain terraces, and highland pastures, highlighting how...

Agriculture is a strategic sector of the economy, playing a crucial role in food security, employment, regional development, and social welfare. However, its financing is constrained by seasonality, high risks, low profitability, and limited access to credit, which undermines long-term sustainability....

Crop production, as one of the two main branches of agriculture, occupies a vital place in the global economy. It provides the majority of the world’s food supply and serves as a primary source of raw materials for processing industries such as textiles, chemistry, and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, it...

Sustainable food governance is not merely a framework regulating production–consumption relations but also a multi-actor governance process encompassing the formulation, implementation, and evaluation stages of public policy. The accelerating climate crisis, food insecurity, and agricultural vulnerabilities...

Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by molds such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, with potent toxic and carcinogenic properties. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), in particular, is the most frequently encountered and harmful form in ruminant nutrition. Although AFB1 ingested in feed is detoxified...

Nutrigenomics has emerged as a field of science that highlights the potential of dietary components to modulate gene expression and thereby shape immune responses, contributing to the overall effectiveness of the immune system. Studies have demonstrated that vitamins (A, D, E), trace minerals (zinc,...

Sustainability in livestock refers to conducting production not only from an economic perspective but also in a balanced manner considering environmental, social, and animal welfare dimensions. The aim is to efficiently use natural resources, minimize negative environmental impacts, protect animal health...

Ensuring poultry health, promoting optimal growth, and maintaining high productivity depend on balanced diets and appropriate housing conditions. For decades, antimicrobial agents were extensively employed to control bacterial diseases and enhance performance. Nevertheless, their uncontrolled application...

This study examines the lactation stages of dairy cattle and their specific nutritional requirements, particularly in terms of vitamin requirements. The lactation process is divided into four main stages: early lactation (0–70 days postpartum), mid-lactation (70–140 days), late lactation (140–305 days),...

In Kazakhstan, organic animal husbandry is also developing along with traditional livestock farming. Organic animal husbandry is one of the methods of farming that is as close as possible to natural farming. As part of the scientific program, studies were conducted on samples of feed and feed additives...

The gut–brain axis has attracted growing attention, given that microbial activity can significantly influence host neurophysiology. Central to this interaction are biogenic amines, including serotonin, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), tryptamine and phenylethylamine, which are synthesised by...

It is known that among pets, dogs are regularly used in the activities of kennel service bodies, and the health of service dogs and dogs in the care of the population, most of the internal non-communicable diseases among them are related to diseases of the digestive organs. This type of disease also...

In this study, the prevalence of Eimeria species among domestic chickens in Shahbuz district of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic during 2021–2024 was analyzed according to age characteristics. For this purpose, 533 chicken feces of different age groups were collected from the mountainous and foothill areas...

This article presents information on the need for preventive measures in natural and hazardous areas to prevent the spread of anthrax among animals and humans. The disease occurs worldwide, and there is a risk of its occurrence in our republic. Therefore, consistent and systematic anti-anthrax measures...

This article provides detailed information about the prevalence and seasonal dynamics of ectoparasites found on sheep in farms and households specializing in sheep breeding in the foothill regions of Tashkent province - namely, the Ohangaron, Parkent, and irrigated Qibray districts - as well as about...

This study examines and characterizes the species composition of ectoparasites infesting cattle maintained at the “North Kazakhstan Agricultural Experimental Station” and assesses the prevalence of arachnoentomosis during the spring–summer period through calculation of the abundance and occurrence indices....

The article presents information about the important role of animal husbandry-one of the main branches of agriculture-in ensuring the food security of our country and meeting the population’s needs for milk and dairy products, meat and meat products. It also emphasizes that breeding highly productive...

This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between body weight, body measurements and testicular measurements in Saanen kids. For this purpose, 45 male Saanen kids obtained from goats with synchronized births were used. Body weight (BW), body measurements such as withers height (WH), rump...

The internal and external characteristics of eggs are crucial for consumer preferences regarding table eggs, hatchability performance, chick quality, and the performance of breeding eggs. High-quality eggs have a larger share in the table egg market, while lower-quality eggs are often valued at lower...

According to the analysis, it was found that 85 percent of the cattle and poultry in livestock are raised on family farms, private and peasant farms, and due to the lack of small-scale devices used for distributing feed for these farms, feed distribution is labor-intensive and performed manually. ...

The analysis of the technologies that grind, mix and distribute feed to livestock for livestock farms in the world today showed that the existing techniques are designed for livestock farms with a large production volume, so it is inconvenient to use them in small livestock farms. In addition, their...

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess knowledge levels, attitudes, and consumption behaviors regarding genetically modified organisms (GMOs) among students of Çukurova University İmamoğlu Vocational School. Data were collected in May–June 2025 using a structured 21-item questionnaire administered...