Legitimizing and Critical Media Frames Shape Discourse on 2023 Hajj Cost Policy

DOI

10.2991/978-2-38476-589-8_44How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Media framing; Hajj cost policy; Digital media discourse; Religious public policy; Entman framing model

Abstract

General Background: Media framing plays a significant role in shaping public discourse, particularly in contexts where policy decisions intersect with religious, political, and social dimensions. Specific Background: The Indonesian government’s 2023 Hajj cost policy triggered widespread debate in digital media, reflecting competing narratives regarding its justification and implications. Knowledge Gap: However, limited studies have examined how digital media framing constructs public meaning in religious policy debates using systematic analytical frameworks. Aims: This study aims to analyze how digital media framed the 2023 Hajj cost policy and how legitimizing and critical frames contributed to public interpretation. Results: Using a qualitative descriptive approach and Robert N. Entman’s framing model, the study analyzes news articles from two leading national online media outlets published between February 15 and 19, 2023. The findings reveal contrasting frames: one outlet presents the policy as a necessary compromise aligned with constitutional responsibility and social stability, while the other emphasizes concerns related to budget efficiency, transparency, and the need for structural reform in Hajj fund management. These differences demonstrate that digital media act as active agents in constructing policy narratives and shaping public discourse. Novelty: This study applies Entman’s framing model to a religious public policy issue within Indonesia’s digital media environment, highlighting dual framing patterns. Implications: The findings underscore the importance of adaptive government communication strategies and strengthened media literacy to address competing narratives in a plural and digitally mediated public sphere.

Copyright

© 2026 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Nursaripati Risca
AU  - Muh. Akbar
AU  - M. Iqbal Sultan
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/06/18
TI  - Legitimizing and Critical Media Frames Shape Discourse on 2023 Hajj Cost Policy
BT  - Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Communication and Digital Multimedia 2025 (ICCDM 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 548
EP  - 564
SN  - 2352-5398
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-589-8_44
DO  - 10.2991/978-2-38476-589-8_44
ID  - Risca2026
ER  -