Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering, Science, and Urban Sustainability (ICESUS 2025)

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Techno-Economic Analysis of Rutile and Ilmenite Fusion

Authors
Ahmad Abdulrazaq Itopa1, *, Enejoh Omejeh2, Suleiman Abdulrahman Itopa1
1Kogi State Polytechnic, Lokoja, Nigeria
2Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
*Corresponding author. Email: itopaabdulrazaq@gmail.com
Corresponding Author
Ahmad Abdulrazaq Itopa
Available Online 31 December 2025.
DOI
10.2991/978-94-6463-970-4_47How to use a DOI?
Keywords
Rutile; Ilmenite; Fusion; Leached; Pulverized
Abstract

Rutile (TiO₂) and ilmenite (FeTiO₃) are primary titanium-bearing minerals used to produce titanium dioxide, which is an important material for the production of hydrogen in renewable energy generation. This study focused on the production of the oxide TiO2 from rutile and ilmenite as well as from their fusion (50:50 ratio). Appropriate methods for analysis were employed in this study to produce the oxide and evaluate its economic significance. The results obtained showed that pulverized rutile and ilmenite contained about 3.99% and 4.19% of TiO2 respectively while their fusion contained about 4.26% of the oxide. In addition, after leaching with water following caustic fusion of the ores, it was discovered that rutile and ilmenite contained 13.53% and 15.76% of TiO2 while their fusion contained 24.77% of the oxide. Acid leaching increased TiO₂ yield to 90.64% while reducing Fe content to 2.98% in fused samples. While water leaching following caustic fusion appeared to increase the amount of TiO2 in the two ores, their fusion contained more of the oxide whether in the purely pulverized or leached state.

Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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Volume Title
Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering, Science, and Urban Sustainability (ICESUS 2025)
Series
Advances in Engineering Research
Publication Date
31 December 2025
ISBN
978-94-6463-970-4
ISSN
2352-5401
DOI
10.2991/978-94-6463-970-4_47How to use a DOI?
Copyright
© 2025 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Cite this article

risenwbib
TY  - CONF
AU  - Ahmad Abdulrazaq Itopa
AU  - Enejoh Omejeh
AU  - Suleiman Abdulrahman Itopa
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/12/31
TI  - Techno-Economic Analysis of Rutile and Ilmenite Fusion
BT  - Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering, Science, and Urban Sustainability (ICESUS 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 762
EP  - 769
SN  - 2352-5401
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-970-4_47
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-970-4_47
ID  - Itopa2025
ER  -