Optimization of Citric Acid Production by Utilizing Rice Husk Waste as a Substrate Using Submerged Fermentation

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6463-062-6_10How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Aspergillus niger; Central composite design; Citric acid; Rice husk; Waste utilization

Abstract

Citric acid is an organic acid and is highly used as a commercial product. The production of citric acid in Indonesia has not met its demand, a cheap and easy method of obtaining raw materials to boost its production is required. Submerged fermentation using Aspergillus niger is a prospective method of citric acid production. Microorganisms need substrate as a carbon source to produce citric acid. Rice husks have the potential to be used as substrate to produce citric acid because they contain high cellulose (28.6–43.3%). This research aims to obtain the optimum fermentation conditions of producing citric acid. Variations in the study were methanol concentration (1–3% v/v), sucrose concentration (0–10% w/v), substrate concentration (15–30% w/v), and agitation speed (100–400 rpm). The variations were determined by a statistical approach of Response Surface Methodology. During the fermentation process, pH and citric acid concentration were measured. The pH and citric acid concentration data was analyzed using Minitab. The optimal conditions of producing citric acid using rice husks were obtained. They were substrate concentration 22.42% w/v, sucrose concentration 10% w/v, methanol concentration 3% v/v, and agitation speed 400 rpm. These optimal conditions resulted in a citric acid concentration of 19.12 g/L in pH 2.34 in 5-day fermentation.

Copyright

© 2023 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Eka Rahmadani Ritonga
AU  - Adelina Manurung
AU  - Merry Meryam Martgrita
PY  - 2022
DA  - 2022/12/22
TI  - Optimization of Citric Acid Production by Utilizing Rice Husk Waste as a Substrate Using Submerged Fermentation
BT  - Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Life Sciences and Biotechnology (ICOLIB 2021)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 88
EP  - 97
SN  - 2468-5747
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-062-6_10
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-062-6_10
ID  - Ritonga2022
ER  -