Acquired Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) Secondary to Electrolyte Imbalance: A Case Report

DOI

10.2991/ahsr.k.220206.047How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Long QT Syndrome; Arrythmia; Electrolyte Imbalance

Abstract

The long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a one type of severe cardiac arrhythmia syndrome that leading cause to unexpected cardiac death, characterized with impaired ventricular repolarization caused by hereditary disorder in sodium and potassium channels on cardiac myocyte and acquired caused by drugs or electrolyte imbalance, especially hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia. This condition result in abnormality on the electrocardiogram (ECG) examination as QT interval prolongation and may increase risk of syncope, ventricular arrhythmias, seizure, and cardiac death to the patient. We present a case of a 46-year-old woman came to emergency department at hospital with a chief complaint of dizziness. Three days before these complaints, the patient also complaints of epigastric pain and profuse vomitting more than five times. The patient has no history of taking certain any medications before. On physical examination, there is no abnormality in patient’s vital signs and only palpable pain on epigastric region. On clinical laboratory examinations showed electrolyte imbalance such as hyponatremia and hypokalemia. From electrocardiography showed prolongation of QTc interval (638 ms) and venticular extrasystole trigeminy. On echocardiography, the patient had diastolic dysfunction grade I and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy with normal ejection fraction. From that examination, the patient diagnoses with acquired long QT syndrome and the focus of therapy in this patient is to restore the electrolyte balance. The diagnostic for LQTS in this patient is based on QTc interval ≥ 500 ms in electrocardiography examination. This diagnose criteria was based on Heart Rhythm Society guidelines. Electrolyte imbalance, especially hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia is one of the most common indirect mechanisms of QT interval prolongation. The point of management LQTS in this patient includes recognition and discontinuation of any encouraging medication and the forcefull correction of any electrolyte imbalance, such as hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia. Early detection in QTc interval may be helpful to diagnose and treatment LQTS to prevent further complications such as syncope, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death.

Copyright

© 2022 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press International B.V.

Open Access

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Yusra Pintaningrum
AU  - Ketut Angga Aditya Putra Pramana
PY  - 2022
DA  - 2022/02/21
TI  - Acquired Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) Secondary to Electrolyte Imbalance: A Case Report
BT  - Proceedings of the 2nd Global Health and Innovation in conjunction with 6th ORL Head and Neck Oncology Conference (ORLHN 2021)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 252
EP  - 256
SN  - 2468-5739
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.220206.047
DO  - 10.2991/ahsr.k.220206.047
ID  - Pintaningrum2022
ER  -