Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Business, Accounting, Finance and Economics (BAFE 2025)
Conference: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Business, Accounting, Finance and Economics (BAFE 2025)
Date: 22 October 2025
Location: Kampar Campus, Perak 31900, Malaysia (Hybrid)
Website: https://www2.utar.edu.my/bafe/ It is with great pleasure that I welcome you to the 13th International Conference on Business, Accounting, Finance, and Economics (BAFE 2025). BAFE has never been a mere conference; it is a collective effort to promote academic excellence and provide a platform through which researchers, practitioners, and policymakers can communicate innovative ideas that define the future of our societies. This year’s conference strongly reflects the research culture and global vision of UTAR — to have participants from Malaysia and around the world deliberate on the pressing issues of our time. The response this year has been overwhelming, and we are highly encouraged. A total of 56 papers have been successfully accepted after undergoing a stringent double-blind review process. This achievement would not have been possible without the efforts and dedication of our reviewers and members of the organising committee, whose contributions were key to ensuring quality and fairness in the evaluation process. This year’s participation includes representatives from various economies, including Bangladesh, China, Taiwan, India, the Philippines, Indonesia, Tanzania, and Australia, among others. This diversity enriches our conference discussions, bringing new insights and comparative perspectives that transcend geographical and disciplinary borders. We also appreciate the strong support of our co-organising universities and partners, such as Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, the Philippines; American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Indonesia; Quest International University, Malaysia; University of Batangas, the Philippines; Taiwan Strategy and Performance Management Association, Taiwan; and Media Ilmu Amaliah, Indonesia. These partnerships demonstrate the growing regional and international recognition of BAFE as a platform for effective research dissemination. The theme of BAFE 2025 — “Embracing Innovation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Towards Achieving Sustainable Development Goals” — reflects our shared commitment to addressing the economic and business realities of the present while envisioning the possibilities of the future. Through this conference, we hope to explore how business and financial innovations, guided by sound economic reasoning, can contribute to sustainable and inclusive growth in an increasingly digitalised and interconnected world. We also have the privilege of the continued cooperation of our supporting journals — The International Journal of Banking and Finance and the Asian Journal of Assessment in Teaching and Learning. With their support, high-quality research presented here is assured of a lasting and reputable academic platform, motivating researchers to push the frontiers of knowledge. The secret behind the success of this event lies in a team of dedicated people. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the Teh Hong Piow Faculty of Business and Finance (THP FBF), the Centre for Accounting, Banking and Finance (CABF), the Centre for Business Management (CBM), and the Centre for Economic Studies (CES) for being supportive, energetic, and collaborative in realising BAFE 2025. I also wish to personally thank all reviewers, keynote speakers, organising committee members, student helpers, and administrative staff who have worked tirelessly behind the scenes. I would like to encourage all participants to be active in discussions, share ideas, and build networks that extend beyond this conference. Let BAFE 2025 be a place where ideas become collaborations, and collaborations become innovations that transform the academic and professional world. I hope that all of us will have a productive and inspiring time. Thank you once again for being part of BAFE 2025 and for making this a memorable and successful event. Thank you.
Warm regards, Professor Dr Abdelhak Senadjki
Conference Chairperson of BAFE 2025
October 2025
Location: Kampar Campus, Perak 31900, Malaysia (Hybrid)
Website: https://www2.utar.edu.my/bafe/ It is with great pleasure that I welcome you to the 13th International Conference on Business, Accounting, Finance, and Economics (BAFE 2025). BAFE has never been a mere conference; it is a collective effort to promote academic excellence and provide a platform through which researchers, practitioners, and policymakers can communicate innovative ideas that define the future of our societies. This year’s conference strongly reflects the research culture and global vision of UTAR — to have participants from Malaysia and around the world deliberate on the pressing issues of our time. The response this year has been overwhelming, and we are highly encouraged. A total of 56 papers have been successfully accepted after undergoing a stringent double-blind review process. This achievement would not have been possible without the efforts and dedication of our reviewers and members of the organising committee, whose contributions were key to ensuring quality and fairness in the evaluation process. This year’s participation includes representatives from various economies, including Bangladesh, China, Taiwan, India, the Philippines, Indonesia, Tanzania, and Australia, among others. This diversity enriches our conference discussions, bringing new insights and comparative perspectives that transcend geographical and disciplinary borders. We also appreciate the strong support of our co-organising universities and partners, such as Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, the Philippines; American International University-Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Indonesia; Quest International University, Malaysia; University of Batangas, the Philippines; Taiwan Strategy and Performance Management Association, Taiwan; and Media Ilmu Amaliah, Indonesia. These partnerships demonstrate the growing regional and international recognition of BAFE as a platform for effective research dissemination. The theme of BAFE 2025 — “Embracing Innovation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Towards Achieving Sustainable Development Goals” — reflects our shared commitment to addressing the economic and business realities of the present while envisioning the possibilities of the future. Through this conference, we hope to explore how business and financial innovations, guided by sound economic reasoning, can contribute to sustainable and inclusive growth in an increasingly digitalised and interconnected world. We also have the privilege of the continued cooperation of our supporting journals — The International Journal of Banking and Finance and the Asian Journal of Assessment in Teaching and Learning. With their support, high-quality research presented here is assured of a lasting and reputable academic platform, motivating researchers to push the frontiers of knowledge. The secret behind the success of this event lies in a team of dedicated people. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the Teh Hong Piow Faculty of Business and Finance (THP FBF), the Centre for Accounting, Banking and Finance (CABF), the Centre for Business Management (CBM), and the Centre for Economic Studies (CES) for being supportive, energetic, and collaborative in realising BAFE 2025. I also wish to personally thank all reviewers, keynote speakers, organising committee members, student helpers, and administrative staff who have worked tirelessly behind the scenes. I would like to encourage all participants to be active in discussions, share ideas, and build networks that extend beyond this conference. Let BAFE 2025 be a place where ideas become collaborations, and collaborations become innovations that transform the academic and professional world. I hope that all of us will have a productive and inspiring time. Thank you once again for being part of BAFE 2025 and for making this a memorable and successful event. Thank you.
Warm regards, Professor Dr Abdelhak Senadjki
Conference Chairperson of BAFE 2025
October 2025