Smart Solar-Powered Aquaponics System for Sustainable Food Production

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6463-982-7_14How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Aquaponics; Internet of Things (IoT); Solar Energy; Sustainable Agriculture; Smart Farming; Off-Grid System

Abstract

The rapid growth of urban populations presents significant challenges to sustainable food production, primarily due to land scarcity and increasing demand for fresh produce. Aquaponics, an integrated system combining aquaculture and hydroponics, offers a promising solution by enabling efficient food production in limited spaces. However, its adoption, particularly at the household and small enterprise levels, is hindered by critical operational challenges, including high dependency on unstable conventional electricity grids, the need for intensive manual monitoring of water quality parameters like pH and temperature, and the requirement for specialized technical knowledge. This paper presents the design, development, and experimental validation of a smart, solar-powered aquaponics system to address these challenges. The system integrates the Internet of Things (IoT) for comprehensive automation and remote management, and a photovoltaic (PV) off-grid system for complete energy independence. Key components include an ESP32 microcontroller, pH and temperature sensors, and actuators for a water pump and an automatic fish feeder. Field testing over 30 days demonstrated stable pH maintenance within the optimal range (6.2–7.3), temperature control (26–29 ℃), 100% solar energy autonomy with battery voltage maintained above 11.8V even during two consecutive cloudy days, and 94.7% system uptime. The automated feeding system achieved 99.2% schedule accuracy, while water circulation maintained a 15-min hourly cycle with 98.5% reliability. The system's novelty lies in its holistic integration of comprehensive automation, smart power management featuring deep-sleep mode achieving 67% energy reduction, and a centralized web-based platform for real-time monitoring, historical data analysis, and manual control. This integrated approach creates a fully autonomous, energy-self-sufficient, and user-friendly aquaponics system, thereby lowering operational barriers and promoting sustainable urban agriculture.

Copyright

© 2025 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Download article (PDF)

TY  - CONF
AU  - Adhiguna
AU  - Andy Triwinarko
AU  - Didi Istardi
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/12/29
TI  - Smart Solar-Powered Aquaponics System for Sustainable Food Production
BT  - Proceedings of the  8th International Conference on Applied Engineering (ICAE 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 222
EP  - 245
SN  - 2352-5401
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-982-7_14
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-982-7_14
ID  - 2025
ER  -