Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Education and Social Sciences (ICESS 2025)

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Critical Thinking in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Literature Review of Emerging Concepts and Frameworks

Authors
Ita Chairun Nissa1, *, I Gusti Putu Suharta2, I Made Ardana2, I Nengah Suparta2
1Doctoral Program, Ganesha University of Education, Singaraja, Indonesia
2Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Ganesha University of Education, Singaraja, Indonesia
*Corresponding author. Email: ita.chairun@student.undiksha.ac.id
Corresponding Author
Ita Chairun Nissa
Available Online 21 May 2026.
DOI
10.2991/978-2-38476-579-9_11How to use a DOI?
Keywords
Critical Thinking; Critical Thinking Skills; Artificial Intelligence; Conceptual Framework; Systematic Literature Review
Abstract

Critical thinking skills is an essential competency in the era of artificial intelligence (AI). However, many traditional frameworks for critical thinking are becoming less relevant when applied to evaluating individuals’ skills in the context of AI use. This study aims to identify contemporary conceptualizations of critical thinking within this context. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following the PRISMA protocol. Twelve empirical articles published between 2020 and 2025, indexed in Scopus, were systematically analyzed using defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings reveal a paradigm shift: from frameworks that emphasize the analysis, evaluation, and inference of human arguments to those that require the assessment, evaluation, and critique of AI-generated responses. Thus, critical thinking in the AI era encompasses not only logical and reflective reasoning but also digital literacy, awareness of algorithmic bias, and skills in information validation. These insights carry important implications for developing contextually relevant indicators of critical thinking, encouraging educators and researchers to adapt pedagogical and assessment strategies to meet the emerging challenges of human–AI interaction.

Copyright
© 2026 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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Volume Title
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Education and Social Sciences (ICESS 2025)
Series
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research
Publication Date
21 May 2026
ISBN
978-2-38476-579-9
ISSN
2352-5398
DOI
10.2991/978-2-38476-579-9_11How to use a DOI?
Copyright
© 2026 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Cite this article

risenwbib
TY  - CONF
AU  - Ita Chairun Nissa
AU  - I Gusti Putu Suharta
AU  - I Made Ardana
AU  - I Nengah Suparta
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/05/21
TI  - Critical Thinking in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Literature Review of Emerging Concepts and Frameworks
BT  - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Education and Social Sciences (ICESS 2025)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 122
EP  - 139
SN  - 2352-5398
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-579-9_11
DO  - 10.2991/978-2-38476-579-9_11
ID  - Nissa2026
ER  -