With the continuous change of business demand of commercial banks and the continuous promotion of outsourcing field by government departments, outsourcing of financial services of commercial banks has been developed unprecedentedly, and has rapidly become one of the important business strategies of commercial...

Financial risk management, as a core mechanism for maintaining financial stability, is undergoing a paradigm change driven by artificial intelligence technology. Traditional risk control methods are limited by defects such as single data dimension, static model, and response lag, which makes it difficult...

The growing instability of financial markets is making it harder to allocate capital efficiently among key asset types such as equities and bonds. Traditional static asset allocation methods struggle to adapt to dynamic market conditions, leading to growing interest in dynamic allocation strategies in...

Equity incentives are widely used in talent incentives of listed companies. Restricted stocks have become the choice of many enterprises due to the strong constraint of “performance-based unlocking standards”, but single financial unlocking conditions tend to induce the management’s earnings management...

As an important tool for promoting long-term development and improving financial performance, equity incentives can effectively alleviate the principal-agent problem, reduce the turnover rate of core employees, and foster corporate innovation. This study takes Huichuan Technology, a high-tech enterprise,...

With the advancement of the global “dual carbon” goal, the power battery industry is experiencing rapid development. As the industry leader, CATL’s financing strategy and capital structure adjustment have important research value. This study takes Ningde Times as a case, adopts methods including case...

This paper contrasts net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) as core discounted cash flow diagnostic indicators for investment decisions, linking their theoretical characteristics to practical evaluations. The study poses three questions: when and why these two standards align; when...

Under the promotion of the “dual carbon” strategy, the new energy industry has experienced explosive growth. As a core supporting field, lithium batteries have significantly increased their dependence on funds due to rapid technological iteration and high demand for capacity expansion. This study takes...

This study evaluates the working capital management efficiency of Foshan Haday Flavouring & Food Co., Ltd., from a supply chain perspective for the period 2019-2023. Taking Haday as a case study and using financial ratio analysis, it is found that the company’s market dominance results in a consistently...

With the implementation of the registration system, the activity in mergers, acquisitions, and reorganizations in the capital market has increased, and the “Performance Commitment” centered put-option agreements have become widespread. However, the fraudulent behavior of some companies using related-party...

In recent years, financial fraud has become a significant issue in the corporate world, posing a serious threat to investors and market integrity. This paper applies the Fraud Triangle Theory to analyze the case of financial fraud at Zixin Pharmaceutical and briefly compares it to Kangmei Pharmaceutical...

Amid China’s economic growth and rising national strength, some listed companies have committed financial fraud to inflate financial statements, attracting investment and securing early financing. Accounts receivable, as an accounting subject that needs to be focused on when analyzing earnings management...

The paper focuses on optimizing the risk assessment system of Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) as the core research direction, with an emphasis on the different applications of Value at Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES). SWFs with long-term investment undertake economic and diplomatic goals. It still...

This paper critically evaluates the inherent limitations of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and explores the improvements introduced by the Fama-French three-factor model. As a pioneering achievement in asset pricing theory, CAPM established a linear relationship between systematic risk and expected...

Unlike theoretical research, empirical studies on herding behavior and its triggers in various contexts are relatively rare. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the irrational herding effect and its contributing factors within the Ground Weaponry II sector (sector code: GWII) of China’s...

This paper takes Luckin Coffee (2020-2024) as the research object. Through a coupled analysis of financial indicators and marketing activities, it adopts quantitative research methods to reveal the mechanism of the effect of marketing innovation on financial performance. The study identifies that, during...

Over the past four decades since the reform and opening up, China’s catering industry has continuously overcome difficulties, actively explored and forged ahead, and achieved remarkable economic accomplishments. However, despite the large overall scale of the industry, due to factors such as low market...

As a typical macro-extreme shock event, the COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on global financial markets. Based on the Markowitz model, this study compares and analyses the changes in the effective frontier and the minimum variance frontier of assets before and after the epidemic, aiming to...

This article uses Inner Mongolia Yili Group Co., Ltd. as a case study, employing a combination of SWOT analysis and financial analysis to conduct a comprehensive assessment of its internal and external business environments. The study reveals that Yili has built core competitive advantages through robust...

As a national-level top-level cooperation strategy, the Belt and Road Initiative’s impact on the investment efficiency of enterprises is an important micro-dimension for measuring its economic effects. This paper constructs a two-dimensional empirical framework of ‘holistic-heterogeneous’ based on the...

To address the research gap in studying the evolution of calendar effects around major events, this paper analyzes South Korea’s stock market data from 2000 to 2025. By employing statistical methods including non-parametric tests, time series ARMA modeling, and sliding window analysis, we explore the...

Value-at-Risk (VaR) is a widely used risk management tool in financial markets to quantify potential portfolio losses at a given confidence level. Traditional VaR estimation methods, such as Variance-Covariance, Historical Simulation, and Monte Carlo Simulation, are not efficient when markets exhibit...

This paper presents an in-depth case study of Yanjin Shop, a prominent player in China’s rapidly expanding leisure snack industry, situated within the broader context of national macro-level policies aimed at stimulating domestic consumption. Employing an innovative methodological approach that integrates...

Executive compensation has long been at the center of corporate governance debates, particularly in emerging markets such as China. Over the past decade, managerial pay in Chinese listed firms has risen sharply, raising concerns about governance efficiency and incentive alignment. This paper investigates...

Based on the theory of behavioral finance, this article explores the risk management issues of small and micro financial institutions in China. Firstly, this article provides a detailed analysis of the definition of small and micro financial institutions and the current market environment, clarifying...

In the context of the digital transformation of industries, data assets have become an important production factor in the development of the times. However, the measurement of their value is still in its infancy, and traditional valuation methods cannot assess their true worth. Based on the income approach,...

This study examines the external validity of a convolutional neural network (CNN) feature extractor trained with Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) for multi-stock daily trading across three equity universes: S&P50 (United States), SSE50 (China), and Nifty50 (India). This model was trained on 2023...

The mechanisms of market mechanisms and government regulation in resource allocation are the subjects of this study. This paper explores their interrelationships and mechanisms of action in the process of resource allocation. It first analyzes the basic principles and advantages of the market mechanism,...

Rapeseed, as one of the major oil crops in China, its production safety is of great significance to ensuring the national supply of grain and oil. As one of the top ten rapeseed production areas in Jiangsu Province, rapeseed production is vulnerable to natural disasters. Traditional agricultural insurance...

In this study, the impact of social media signals on investor sentiment and investment behavior in the Invesco QQQ Trust (QQQ) prior to and during the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) is examined. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, we combine a survey-based experiment with extensive sentiment analysis...

This study systematically examines the multidimensional impact of board composition diversity on corporate investment efficiency. Drawing upon an annual sample of U.S.-listed companies from 1980 to 2022, a governance diversity index is constructed across four dimensions: gender, nationality, age, and...

The margin trading and short selling mechanism, as a significant institutional innovation in China’s capital market, has drawn considerable attention regarding its impact on stock mispricing. This study selects China’s A-share market from 2007 to 2017 and employs the pilot implementation in 2010 and...

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into insurance premium prediction utilizing advanced ensemble machine learning methodologies. The research employs a sophisticated stacking framework that integrates ten distinct predictive models, including CatBoost, LightGBM variants, XGBoost, Random...

This study compares the performance of GARCH(1,1), EGARCH(1,1), and GJR-GARCH(1,1) models in forecasting exchange rate volatility and estimating Value at Risk (VaR) for the major reserve currency pairs USD/EUR and USD/CNY. Using weekly return data from 2015 to 2025, the analysis shows that both series...

As an important source of local government finance, the malignant expansion of debt financing has become a pressing fiscal issue that China must urgently address. Through literature analysis and data comparison, this paper reveals the current state of debt growth and the resulting social problems, providing...

This research investigates the influence of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on corporate investment efficiency by utilizing data from A-share listed companies spanning the period from 2010 to 2020. By applying the Richardson model and the difference-in-differences approach, it is discovered that...

The wave of artificial intelligence (AI) is sweeping the globe, transforming production and lifestyles with unprecedented speed, breadth, and depth. Its rapid development worldwide has made it a crucial force driving high-quality economic growth and social change. According to predictions by International...

In light of growing longevity risk and increased volatility in global markets, this study examines return estimation and hedging strategies for pension investment portfolios within the Australian superannuation system. The purpose of the study is to evaluate how well various hedging strategies improve...

At present, the competition in the semiconductor industry is intensifying, talent competition and technological innovation have become the key elements of enterprise development, and equity incentives, as an important tool to bind core talents and promote long-term development, are becoming more and...

The emergence of data as a core factor of production has exposed fundamental institutional misalignments in traditional tax systems. While existing research often emphasizes platform-based digital taxes, it tends to overlook stage-specific value creation mechanisms across the data lifecycle and their...

In the digital economy era, a profound contradiction exists between the long-term nature of enterprise digital transformation and the short-term pressures of the capital market. Exploring how patient capital, a heterogeneous form of capital with a long-term perspective, influences digital transformation...

This study examines the real effects of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) option incentives on corporate innovation output, assessing whether this contractual instrument can effectively bridge the inherent tension between managerial risk aversion and the uncertainty inherent in innovation activities. Based...

With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry, the strategic importance of tin has become increasingly prominent. In recent years, the persistent imbalance between tin supply and demand has attracted widespread attention in global markets. This paper examines the formation and dissipation...

Global environmental governance and sustainable development have become increasingly important since the 21st century, making the ESG concept a significant dimension for measuring the comprehensive value of companies. This paper takes Longi Green Energy Technology, a photovoltaic enterprise, as an example,...

In today’s world, sustainable development is gaining increasing prominence, and the emergence of ESG score is driving the evolution of sustainability. From the perspective of credit spreads, the channels through which ESG score influence bond credit spreads represent an area warranting further research....

In light of significant changes in the global economic and social landscape, corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance has increasingly become a central focus for investors and stakeholders. This study examines a sample of non-financial listed companies in China’s A-share market...

Using a sample of A-share listed firms in China, this study examines the impact of ESG disclosure on the corporate cost of debt and explores the underlying mechanism. Baseline regression results show that ESG disclosure significantly reduces firms’ cost of debt. This finding remains robust after a series...

The integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors into corporate decision-making has become a focal point for investors and companies alike, driven by a heightened emphasis on sustainable development. This study examines the nuanced relationship between ESG performance and the cost...