The People's Resistance Movement against the Colonialists in the Early 20th Century in Minahasa: Study on Pangkal Setia Organization

DOI

10.2991/icss-19.2019.82How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Movement; Resistance; People; Invaders; Study; Organization; Loyalty

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to explain historically the general situation of Dutch colonialism in the early twentieth century in Minahasa; and describe the motivation and goals of the establishment of the Pangkal Setia organization by Zending teachers in the early XX century; and explain the results of the struggle obtained by Zending teachers through the Pangkal Setia organization in the early XX century in Tomohon. This research used the historical method according to Marc Bloch which consisted of 4 (four) stages. Data collection was done by studying documents: archives; books; magazines; newspapers; and the results of previous studies. Data obtained from archives and other sources was carried out by historical criticism and interpreted into the facts; which are then assembled into historical accounts of the events under study. From the results of research and discussion obtained a picture that the general situation of Dutch colonialism in the early twentieth century in Minahasa; the Dutch colonial government tried to organize the government with the standardization of local leaders to be able to work optimally for their political and economic interests. For example; Minahasa is directly under the leadership of the Manado Assistant-Resident. So; since the beginning of the twentieth century; efficiency and rationality have been a measure of work; both in the Dutch bureaucracy and indigenous bureaucracy. During the Japanese occupation; the Manado residency was placed in the area of the government of the Lift of the Sea of Japan (Kaigun) which included Eastern Indonesia with the seat of government located in Makassar. This civil administration organization from the government area is called Minseifu; headed by a Sokan (Governor-General). The motivation for the formation of the Pangkal Setia organization by the zending teachers of the early twentieth century in Tomohon was to fight for their interests; namely the recognition of status and improvement of salaries similar to those of others who worked within the structure of the Indische Kerk. Because Indische Kerk is considered the cause of inequality; so the struggle for "church autonomy" is one of the Pangkal Setia's organizational programs. This organization aims to pay attention to its allies and improve Christian teaching in the Manado Residency. The results of the Pangkal Setia organization's struggle to present an "autonomous church" have yet to be realized; but they continue to work through improving education so that they are given responsibility by the Gospel Preaching Institution to add theology lecturers.

Copyright

© 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press.

Open Access

This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Yohanes Burdam
AU  - Aksilas Dasfordate
AU  - Hetreda Terry
PY  - 2019/11
DA  - 2019/11
TI  - The People's Resistance Movement against the Colonialists in the Early 20th Century in Minahasa: Study on Pangkal Setia Organization
BT  - Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Science 2019 (ICSS 2019)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 773
EP  - 778
SN  - 2352-5398
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/icss-19.2019.82
DO  - 10.2991/icss-19.2019.82
ID  - Burdam2019/11
ER  -