Proceedings of the 4th Asian Education Symposium (AES 2019)

The 4th Asian Education Symposium (AES 2019) was held in Manado, Indonesia, on 14-15 August, 2019. This seminar has been held annually since 2016, hosted by Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI) in collaboration with Universitas Negeri Manado, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Universitas Mataram, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Universitas Pakuan, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Universitas Bengkulu, Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang, and Universitas Islam Negeri Sulthan Thaha Syaifuddin Jambi. The AES 2019 main theme is: Reconceptualization of Education in the Disruptive Era. The range of topics covered in the 4th AES 2019 Proceeding includes the theoretical and empirical papers on covering variety subjects of art education, adult education, business education, course management, curriculum, research and development, educational foundations, learning/teaching methodologies and assessment, global issues in education and research, pedagogy, ubiquitous learning, and other areas of education. There were four invited speakers from Australia, Austria, Singapore and Indonesia and 131 presenters from Yemen and Indonesia. There were 81 papers that were accepted after double blind reviewed.

We would like to thank all of those who helped and supported AES 2019. Each individual and institution's support was very important for the success of this symposium. Specifically, we would like to acknowledge the advisory board, international advisory board, scientific committee, and organizing committee for their valuable advice, help, suggestion, and support in the organization and helpful peer-reviewing process of the papers. We would also extend our best gratitude to keynote speakers including Dr. I Gusti Ngurah Darmawan, Dr. Marek Tesar, Assoc. Prof. Sulfikar Amir, Ph.D., and Prof. Dr. Julyeta P.A. Runtuwene for their valuable contribution for sharing ideas and knowledge in the AES 2019.

We sincerely hope that AES 2019 will be a forum for excellent discussions for improving the quality of research and development relating to the educational field. We also hope that this forum will provide an opportunity for academicians and professionals from various educational fields with cross-disciplinary interests to bridge the knowledge gap, promote research esteem and the evolution of pedagogy.

The Editors:
Prof. Dr. Anna Permanasari, M.Si. - Editor in Chief
Prof. Dr. Ida Hamidah, M.Si.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Ratih Hurriyati, M.P.
Prof. Dr. Ade Gafar Abdullah, M.Si.
Dr. Siti Aisyah, M.Si.
Vina Andriany, M.Ed., Ph.D.
Heli Siti H. Munawaroh, Ph.D.
Dr. Galuh Yuliani, M.Si.
Tuszie Widhiyanti, M.Pd., Ph.D.
Ari Arifin Danuwijaya, M. Ed.
Iwan Kustiawan, M.T., Ph.D.
Dr. Alfira Sofia, S.T., M.M.