All of the articles in this proceedings volume have been presented at the Future of Life - Legal, Scientific, and Geopolitical Challenges Conference (TFOL 2025) which was held in Bolton and Bengaluru, United Kingdom and India during May 16-17 2025. These articles have been peer reviewed by the members...

The investigation of death in England and Wales is defined by a paradox: a coronial system rooted in medieval law now tasked with managing twenty-first-century public expectations of transparency, accuracy, and compassion. Despite remarkable technological progress in medical imaging, the regulation of...

The expansion of Direct Oral Anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy has transformed stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation[1], but introduced new complexities in death certification. Frail patients on DOACs are increasingly represented in cases of fatal bleeding, particularly intracranial haemorrhage, triggering...

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has brought a monumental change in the very essence of healthcare by offering path-breaking innovative solutions for medical diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance. However, safeguarding the personal autonomy of people associated within the wide spectrum of the Internet...

In the field of intellectual property (IP), Geographical Indications (GIs) represent a unique set of rights that connect product quality, cultural heritage, and the geographical origin of a product. In India, GIs have evolved from being seen as simply a legal means to differentiate products in the marketplace...

This article explores the potential influence of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) being interpreted as a “living instrument” in situations involving the no-longer living. It asks if, and in what way, Convention values have the potential to apply meaningfully beyond biological life, and...

Artificial intelligence is quickly becoming embedded in healthcare systems around the world. As this happens, the promise of efficiency, predictability, and personalisation of care is frequently presented as a moral imperative. However, there remains a growing body of evidence that AI-driven healthcare...

Today Indian jurisprudence is in crossroad due to the backlog crisis that is threatening constitutional promise of having a speedy justice. The introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become not only a potential but an essential requirement of change within their courts as the number of cases...

The right of citizens to protest is a fundamental pillar of democracy and a vital component of human rights. It embodies the collective voice of the populace and provides a powerful mechanism for demanding accountability, justice, and societal change. In Nigeria, this right is enshrined in Sections 39...

A consequence of the increase in the prevalence of Autism during the last decades is that it became a focus for political and legal debates. Of relevance in terms of fueling a debate around the condition is the fact that the increase in diagnoses has been described as an ‘epidemic’, an idea with scientific,...

This paper seeks to re-examines the sanctity of life ideal as a practical standard for governing contemporary risks to life, rather than as a theological claim or an absolute prohibition. It argues that late-modern controversies, such as end-of-life decision-making, health-system constraints, climate-related...

The article aims to examine and address the various concerns arising from patent politics around the globe and how these are contributing to despair, thereby hampering basic human rights. In this era of scientific advancement & innovation, patents are key to uplifting these advancements. The patent...

India’s distinctive patent law environment presents unique opportunities for not-for-profit organizations aiming to develop orphan drugs for rare diseases. Section 3(d) of the Indian Patent Act, which restricts the patentability of new forms of known substances lacking enhanced therapeutic efficacy,...

All parties to an armed conflict, including States and non-state actors, are bound by jus in bello. The fundamental principles of humanitarian law seek to limit the suffering caused by the conflict and prohibit indiscriminate attacks. The increased use of weaponized drones by the military junta and ethnic...

As Mars colonization nears, international law remains bound to Earth-centric notions of sovereignty, temporality, and legal subjectivity. Foundational regimes—most notably the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, the 1979 Moon Agreement, and related UN resolutions—are ill-equipped to handle the socio-ecological...

This paper examines the environmental displacement of residents from Ocnele Mari, Romania, following decades of unsafe salt mining practices conducted by the state-owned company SALROM. These operations created geological instability, sinkholes, and brine infiltration, forcing families to abandon their...