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In previous studies, much literature has demonstrated from different perspectives that the first language (L1) has certain effects on the second language (L2). Such effects are called negative transfer in second language acquisition (SLA). This study focuses on two types of negative transfer that could...

In linguistics, a hotly debated question is that why some second language learners are better than others. One practical and applicable theory accounting for the difference in L2 acquisition is “The Input Hypothesis” presented by Krashen. This theory has been evidenced by many experiments carried out...

Under the current test-oriented education background in China, many parents pay the most attention to their children’s test scores, so they tend to apply for test-oriented courses, which ignores their children’s English ability long-term developments. We believe it is important to promote acquisition...

The “Production Oriented Approach” (POA) proposed by Professor Wen Qiufang separates input from output in Chinese English as SLA (Second Language Acquisition) classrooms. This review paper summarizes the articles published in domestic and foreign journals from 2007 to 2021 and concludes the definition...

As the Ministry of Agriculture is going to increase export revenues to 45 billion dollars by 2024, it has to be related with national research and development improvement (R&D). National breeding organization needs to harmonize budgetary and commercial funding through legal and economic approaches. Unique...

Cloud broker can provide more flexible price options by integrating and scheduling all the requirements of their clients. The existing work does not consider the deadline of the requirement, which may fail to satisfy the clients before the deadline time. Therefore, we propose a novel strategy for the...

Understanding the response of plant traits to environmental change is critical. Specific leaf area (SLA) is an important plant functional trait, correlating with environmental conditions and indicating certain ecophysiological traits. Although the SLA-environment relationship has been extensively studied,...

Any member state of the European Union can have a right to leave the union based on the withdrawal agreement presented in Article 50 of the Treaty of Lisbon. The United Kingdom in 2016 successfully held a referendum in 2016 to leave the European Union, which came to be popularly known as Brexit. Small...

This study aims to determine the influence of M-Learning learning media on the learning outcomes of Japanese students at SLA Tompaso. This research uses quantitative research methods with experimental approach methods. The research design used is one group pre-test design, with the research instrument...

A few junior middle schools in China have encouraged students to learn another foreign language besides English and set specialized classes for this group of people. Some students choose to join this kind of class at the cost of gaining much burden as they have one more compulsory course than others....

Therefore, the development of new die design and manufacturing technology is imperative. Light curing rapid prototyping technology is the earliest developed in rapid prototyping manufacturing technology. The technology has great prospects for the manufacture of irregular complex parts. In this paper,...

Conversational communication is an effective approach for developing the Second Language Acquisition (SLA) process, in which effectiveness is affected by the cooperative principle. One principle, the Maxim of Manner, relates to how this conversation is carried out. The clarity, proximity, absurdity,...

To explore the performance of children in the two kinds of conditions: explanation condition and prediction condition, this study investigated the difference of the two conditions by the unexpected location task. The conclusions are as follows: Firstly, the grades that the children in 57-59-month-old...

Using media throughout the learning process helps enhance interactions between teachers and students as well as students and their learning environment. Media use is intended to enhance the learning process, impacting student achievement. This study aims at 1) developing video tutorial learning media,...

In his Input Hypothesis, Krashen attaches great importance to the role of comprehensible input (CI) in second language acquisition (SLA). Listening comprehension presents a big barrier to an English learner. To help the English learner to improve listening comprehension ability, CI is optimized based...

Second Language Acquisition (SLA) refers to the process in which language learners gradually understand and master the language by using the language to communicate information with the outside world in the natural context. Though it is proved to be effective for mastering a second language, many schools...

The present research explored the validity of the Schumann Acculturation Model (1978) for Generation Z learners during their second language acquisition (SLA), which targets Chinese English as a Second language (ESL) students learning English in Canada [7]. The study also investigated correlations between...

Security SLA in cloud service is of great importance for user confidence, but there is little research on it. In this paper, we analyze the important security requirements in IaaS cloud, bring up a native scalable monitoring framework for security SLA in IaaS cloud and raise monitoring methods for important...

The first language (L1) plays a significant role in people’s second language (L2) acquisition. The impact of L1 in L2 acquisition differs in various aspects, not only in different types of languages but also in different components of language such as phonology, morphology, and syntax. Over the past...

This study examines how the closeness between first language and second language affects second language acquisition, in terms of writing systems. The researchers analyzed the influence by asking experiment participants to write down characters of a second language (Japanese and Korean) at first exposure,...

Children language acquisition has always been a study focus of linguists and language teachers. Research has found important similarities between first language acquisition and SLA. So both second language research and second language teaching have been influenced by changes in our understanding of how...

Defective rolling bearings generally provoke a demonstration of nonstationary and nonlinear properties. As a result, condition monitoring of a rolling bearing seems challenging due to difficulties in fault feature extraction. This study introduces statistical linguistic analysis (SLA) to investigate...

Background: Hypogonadism associates with increased cardiovascular morbidity/mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)[1]. Increasing CAG repeat number within exon 1 of the androgen receptor gene associates with increased androgen receptor resistance/insulin resistance [2]. We here investigated the...

Objective: International guidelines advocate conservative management of post-stroke white coat hypertension. The aims of this study were to investigate; i) does WCH/E result in increased stroke risk? and ii) is WCH/E associated with surrogate markers of cardiovascular risk? Methods: The Arterial Stiffness...

Purpose/Background/Objectives: Hypertension is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, inflammation and arterial stiffness. We sought to investigate the role of inflammation and arterial stiffness in the prognosis of cardiovascular hospitalization in hypertensives patients over an extensive follow-up. Methods:...

Background: Reservoir pressure analysis has been newly introduced to analyze arterial waveform and function. There are few data regarding the effect of aging on the aortic reservoir and excess pressures in normal humans. Objectives and Methods: To investigate this issue, we analyzed high-fidelity aortic...

As more people are learning a second language nowadays, it seems that having an accent would influence people’s second language acquisition. Different from the standard native way of speaking, an accent is oftentimes considered negatively by people due to the implication of the lack of knowledge and...

This study aims to find out 1). To analyze the effect of the current ratio on dividends per share. 2). To analyze the effect of debt to equity ratio on dividend per share. 3). To analyze the effect of growth assets on dividends per share. 4). To analyze the effect of earnings per share on dividends per...

In the modern society where globalization is prevalent, intercultural communication skills are particularly important. Therefore, the development of pragmatic skills should not be neglected in second language learning. However, cultural differences cause difficulties in communication between people of...

It has become a global agreement if physical education (PE) in schools aims to promote physical activity (PA). The PE teacher as a promoter, should have active lifestyle to be an example of what is promoted. However, the PE teacher’s body shape is still not ideal, the question is, what is their PA? This...

There is a heated topic in the area of emotions in second language (SL) or foreign language (FL) contexts, especially since the emergence of positive psychology (PP). However, most studies have emphasized the effects of foreign language enjoyment (FLE) on language performance without treating in much...

Bases on cognitive strategy and metacognitive strategy theory and Strategy-based Instruction (SBI), the study has adopted a descriptive design with quantitative data gathering and analyzing methods to investigate the use of cognitive and metacognitive strategies and to study and illustrate the importance...

Objectives: Remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a phenomenon that promotes protection of tissues and organs against ischaemia-reperfusion injury. RIPC has been shown to reduce myocardial and renal injury but its effect on arterial stiffness in patients undergoing lower limb digital subtraction...

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently one of the leading causes of death worldwide. COPD frequently occur together with cardiovascular disease. The coexistence of the two diseases are associated with worse outcomes than either condition alone. ABPM and 24 h arterial...

Background: Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is used in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) because of its antithrombotic effects. We investigated whether ASA has additional therapeutic value by preventing the progression of inflammation and cardiovascular remodelling in mice with stable atherosclerosis...

Dryer cabinets based on automation systems are able to carry out and organize work so that they do not require human supervision. The automation system is able to reduce the role of humans in the operation of the tool, improve production quality, avoid human errors and for the safety and security of...

We know that a halal certificate is an acknowledgment of the halalness of a product issued by the Halal Product Guarantee Agency based on a written fatwa issued by the Indonesian Ulema Council. This research belongs to the type of library study. The literature review step in this research has been determined,...

Background: The range of central blood pressure (BP) found in individuals with high-normal brachial BP overlaps the one found in hypertension (HTN) and normotension. As central BP is possibly a better predictor of cardiovascular (CV) disease, the aim of this study was to determine the risk associated...

Current research of second language Acquisition (SLA) has several main trends: cognitive oriented perspective, social oriented perspective, and holistic perspective. Under these perspectives, many theories have been used to explain the process of SLA such as, primary theory, the theory of affordances,...

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health threat in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) with many challenges that limit its prevention and control. To understand how to meet these challenges, this study calculated the TB incidence rates (IRs) in KSA from 2005 to 2012, which were stratified by nationality,...

Since Krashen first introduced Natural Order Hypothesis (NOH) in 1980, many researchers started to test it among participants from different cultural backgrounds. NOH stated that human beings have a certain universal order to acquire their second language (L2). However, recent research articles for NOH...

This study analyzes the Amar Tirta Swimming Pool management in Palembang City as its functions, among others: planning, organizing, directing, motivating, and controlling. This research is a descriptive study using a survey method with an instrument in the form of a questionnaire validated by experts...

This paper presents a novel AI-driven framework for PDF translation that ensures accuracy, structural preservation, and security throughout the document processing pipeline. The system integrates advanced techniques such as deep learning-based watermark removal (achieving 92.5% detection accuracy), BERT-powered...

For student outputs in the realm of quality education to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), they must be competitive. Parents’ roles as well as teachers’ roles contribute to a student's development of character. Based on data from science teachers at SMP Negeri 3 Kertosono, researchers...

Speaking as one of the productive language skills and is an important activity in daily activities as meaningful interaction between humans is still not optimal in the Japanese language study program; in terms of verbal communication using Japanese between students and students on campus still very lacking;...

This paper focuses on a study of the washback of the college English entrance exam (CEEE). The study was motivated by a need for empirical research in keeping with the language teaching and learning reform currently underway. Questionnaire data analysis and mathematical statistics were employed in an...

This paper mainly discusses Krashen’s theory of second language acquisition (SLA), especially his hypotheses, and their application into vocabulary learning and teaching during college oral English courses. By presenting the importance of oral English teaching and learning, and the present situation...

Foreign translations of the Tao Te Ching, one of the Chinese classics, are faced with the dilemma of how to provide a more relevant interpretation of the original text. Research has shown that differences in the interpretation of the same content are influenced by a variety of factors rooted in society,...

According to the National Statistic Bureau (BPS,2013), the total of national domestic tourists has reached 250.036.370 travel activities, with the dominant motivation is visiting relatives (57%) and recreation (22%). When doing their recreation, there is three (3) type of destination that has been their...

To establish whether technique optimizes student learning results in the classroom, particularly for Engineering English courses, this study will compare the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Problem-Solving (PS) methods. The class that will act as the experimental class should be chosen first. Two courses,...