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4066 articles
Journal: Artery Research
Conference Abstract
P1.32 THE HIGH DOSE ATORVASTATIN TREATMENT ALLOWS TO ACHIEVE ECHOLUCENT SYMPTOMATIC CAROTID PLAQUE STABILIZATION
O.V. Tereshina, E.A. Surkova, A.N. Vachev
Pages: 118 - 118
Background: Statins are widely used for atherosclerotic plaques stabilization due to their cholesterol-lowering properties and pleotropic effects. However, the optimal drug regimens including dosage and length of treatment necessary to achieve significant improvement of ultrasound plaque morphology are...
Journal: Artery Research
Conference Abstract
P1.31 A COMPARISON OF THE POPLITEAL AND CAROTID ARTERIES IN YOUNG AND OLDER CAUCASIAN MEN AND WOMEN
J.M. Van Rooyen, L.J. Kotzee, R. Kruger, C.M.C. Mels, A. Burger
Pages: 118 - 118
Objectives: The popliteal artery resemble the carotid artery in structure and function1. The aim of this study was to determine whether the popliteal artery resemble the carotid artery in structure and function in young and older Caucasian men and women.
Methods: Hundred and twenty Caucasian men and...
Journal: Artery Research
Conference Abstract
P135 SYSTEMIC CARDIOVASCULAR INPUTS IN MODELS ESTIMATING INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE MAGNITUDE AND WAVEFORM
Julio A. Lara-Hernández, Isabella Tan, Mark Butlin, Alberto P. Avolio
Pages: 118 - 118
Background: Monitoring Intracranial Pressure (ICP) is key for appropriate clinical treatment of patients with conditions potentially causing raised ICP. The adequacy of using Heart Rate (HR), aortic Blood Pressure (aBP) and carotid Blood Flow (cBF) to estimate ICP magnitude (pulse and mean) and waveform...
Journal: Artery Research
Conference Abstract
P1.30 DIFFERENTIAL MEANING OF RETINAL ARTERIAL REMODELING AND AORTIC DISTENSIBILITY IN YOUNG HYPERTENSIVES
D. Rosenbaum, A. Redheuil, N. Kachenoura, P. Cluzel, A. Decesare, E. Koch, M. Paques, X. Girerd
Pages: 118 - 118
Objectives: Microvascular arterial remodelling has been linked with target organ damage and cardiovascular events. Our objective was to link retinal arterial remodelling assessed using a new interferometry technique (adaptative optics, AO) and ascending aortic function and geometry.
Methods: 9 patients...
Proceedings Article
The Responses of HIF-1α and HSP70 to Interval Training with Various Intensities in Indonesian Junior Sprinters
Eddy Purnomo, Mohamad Sadikin
Interval training (IT) is a method of exercise to improve running ability in predetermined distance and time. This study aims to describe physiological responses (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70)) to several IT in male Indonesian junior sprinters. In this experimental...
Proceedings Article
Hong Kong Action Films’ Aesthetics of Violence
Its Social Environment and Decline in the 21st Century
Antong Chen
Hong Kong films with Cantonese as the main language have long been a significant part of Hong Kong’s popular culture. The main themes of action movies with Kung fu films, gangster gunfights, and police-and-bandit films have become a major representative. As an important embodiment of violent aesthetics,...
Proceedings Article
The Portrait of Students’ Mental Modelling Ability on the Concept of Kinetic Theory of Gases in Science Literacy
Hasnawati Haili
Before learning, students have already had initial knowledge about a concept called a mental model in terms of cognitive psychology. A static or dynamic review of the mental model that has been built and the extent to which individuals use mental model and conceptual frameworks to solve problems is called...
Proceedings Article
Impact of Teaching Materials Using Adobe Flash to Enhance The Comprehension of Algorithms and Programming Course
Hurianti Vidyaningtyas, L.V. Yovita, R. Mayasari, B. Hudiono, Y. Jamiah
The goal of this study is to see the effect of the use of interactive media on Algorithms and Programming course. Based on preliminary studies, the causes of sub-optimal student learning outcomes are the inadequate both of teaching material and media that are used in the learning. Related to these findings,...
Proceedings Article
Phenotypic effects of polymorphism of the calpastatin gene (CAST), associated with growth and development indicators, in West Siberian mutton breed
Antonina Afanasyeva, Vladislav Sarychev, Galina Goncharenko
One of the modern ways to improve the breeding qualities is selection using the genetic markers or the marker-assisted selection. At the present stage of animal breeding development, and sheep breeding in particular, marker-assisted selection methods have high practical application, which is based on...
Research Article
Predictors of Persistent Body Weight Misclassification from Adolescence Period to Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study
Abdulaziz Dakhel Aloufi, Jake Moses Najman, Abdullah Al Mamun
Pages: 116 - 124
This study examined whether body weight misclassification continues from adolescence to adulthood and the associated predictors behind that misclassification. Data are from a sample of a longitudinal Australian birth-cohort study. Data analyses were restricted to 2938 participants whose measured and...
Proceedings Article
Religiosity, Social Support and Anxiety in Mothers of Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Umi Fetriyah, Rifa’atul Mahmudah, Alsia Damayanti, Syamsul Firdaus
The incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cancer continues to increase every year. Child with cancer and undergoing therapy causes anxiety for parents such as sleep disorder, inability to make decisions, and panic. Severe anxiety contributes to decrease quality of life. Factors that are needed in...
Proceedings Article
Chinese Government Roles Transition in Addressing Global Warming
Hong Liu
The global warming and related changes will vary from region to region around the globe. The effects of an increase in global temperature include a rise in sea levels and a change in the amount and pattern of precipitation, as well a probable expansion of subtropical deserts. This article seeks to contribute...
Proceedings Article
The Effect of Neem Leaf (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Extract on Tubules Seminiferous of Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Cut Nila Thasmi, Dian Masyitha, Hafizh Arief, Husnurrizal, Dewi Ardiyanti Dalimunthe
This study aimed to determine the effect of neem leaf extract on the seminiferous tubules of white rats. This study used 15 adult white rats which divided into 5 treatment groups. The control group was only given water and each treatment group was given neem leaf extract with the dose of 50 (P1), 100...
Proceedings Article
Analysis of Factors Affecting Company Revenue in Coffee Powder Industry at West Lampung District
Emi Maimunah, Reza Renaldy
This study aims to analyze the effect of income on business capital, working hours, length of business and halal certification in West Lampung Regency. This study uses primary data with a total of 30 respondents of ground coffee IKM in West Lampung Regency using multiple linear regression models. The...
Proceedings Article
The Role of Students in MBKM Implementation in the Campun Program
Risna Podungge, Hartono Hadjarati, Meri Hayani, Safri Irawan
This research topic is related to the involvement and role of students who take part in the School Teaching Program. This research aims to provide a comprehensive picture of student involvement and roles in the MBKM Program. This research uses a qualitative approach to collect perspectives from a sample...
Journal: Artery Research
Conference Abstract
P131 UTERINE ARTERIES EVALUATION DURING PREGNANCY: MODELING AND COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS CALCULATIONS
Andreia Serrano, Vanessa Cunha, Jorge Teixeira, Maria Pires, João O’Neill, Valentina Vassilenko
Pages: 117 - 117
Preeclampsia (PE) affects pregnancy, being one of the main causes of prenatal maternal mortality and morbidity (1). Recent studies show that PE is characterized by a significant reduction on maternal cardiac output and increased peripheral resistance. However, studies on the maternal hemodynamic adaptation...
Journal: Artery Research
Conference Abstract
P129 DETERMINATION OF THE DIASTOLIC PRESSURE DECAY CONSTANT (TAU) FROM RADIAL TONOMETRY: DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEMODYNAMIC ASSOCIATIONS IN NORMAL AND HYPERTENSIVE INDIVIDUALS
Joseph Izzo, Sherif El-sayed, Rahil Ahmed, Peter Osmond, Benjamin Gavish
Pages: 117 - 117
Introduction: The feasibility of measuring the diastolic pressure-decay constant (tau) in normal and hypertensive humans is not established and the clinical and physiological relevance of tau is not known.
Methods: Studies were performed in the non-invasive cardiac laboratory in subjects who had been...
Proceedings Article
Explant surface sterilization protocol for micropropagation of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume
Fenny Irawati, Agnes Natalia Wijaya, Anggi Manurung, Michael Anthony Thongiratama, Wina Dian Savitri, Popy Hartatie Hardjo
The success of tissue culture is greatly influenced by the explant surface sterilization technique. The presence of bacterial and fungi contamination, and the occurrence of browning on the explants can interfere with the process of culture propagation. High concentration of sterilant agents will inhibit...
Series: Advances in Engineering Research
Proceedings Article
Phase Change Material as Energy Material for Cold Storage and its integration in Civil Air Conditioning Systems: material properties and on field application
Marcello Defalco
An innovative cold energy storage system, conceived for a civil application and based on the solidification and the fusion of a PCM (Phase Change Material), is presented and assessed. Firstly, a proper active material (phase transition temperature = 5-8øC, latent heat > 200 kJ/kg, immiscibility with...
Proceedings Article
Video Location Positioning Study Based on Two Steps Greedy Algorithm
Zelin Zang, Lingyun Xu, Jiahui Li, Huijie Wang, Xusheng Kang
Determining the location and date of photos and videos is needed in some fields, such as production, public security, public opinions and information. But most photos and videos coming from networks or unclear anonymous sources have no clear information about the photographers and no signs of the location...
Proceedings Article
The Analysis of Students Mathematical Reasoning in Completing the Word Problem in SMPN 7 Sumedang
Rosita Neneng Tita, Y.L. Sukestiyarno, Kartono, Mulyono
Students’ mathematical reasoning ability is important to understand mathematics. This study aims to analyze students’ reasoning ability in solving word problems. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with 30 students as the subjects. The results showed that mathematical reasoning ability...
Research Article
National Burden of Cancers in Tunisia: A Disability Adjusted Life–year Approach
Houda Ben Ayed, Mohamed Hsairi, Sourour Yaich, Habib Feki, Jihene Jedidi, Raouf Karray, Mondher Kassis, Jamel Damak
Pages: 115 - 122
Cancer places a considerable burden on society that is reflected in both economic and humanitarian costs. We aimed to estimate the disease burden of cancers in Tunisia using the Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) as a health measure. We performed the methodology suggested in the Global Burden of...
Proceedings Article
The Implementation of the Emotion Regulation Therapy for Students With Intellectual Disabilities
Rischa H. Zulfah, Asri Wijiastuti, Endang P. Sartinah
The aim of this research was describing the effect of the emotion regulation therapy in reducing the aggressive behavior among students with intellectual disabilities in the special senior high school. This research implemented the Single Subject Research design. Moreover, observations were implemented...
Proceedings Article
Project-Oriented Self-directed Learning as a Learning Model to Improve Learning Outcomes
Jakaria Sembiring, Ambyar, Akrimullah Mubai, Oskah Dakhi, Firman Edi
In
the Web Programming course at STMIK Methodist Binjai, this study aims to pinpoint the key differences between the experimental class’s project-oriented self-directed learning model and the control class’ traditional models in terms of student learning outcomes. Quasi-experimental research is employed...
Proceedings Article
Acceptability and Sensory Properties of Specific Enteral Formula for Stroke-Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Kartika Nugraheni, Listya Anggraeni, Ayu Okvytasari, Zahra Maharani Latrobdiba
Stroke-Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients are at risk of dysphagia which will reduce oral intake and increase the risk of malnutrition. Enteral formula is chosen as a nutritional therapy and must be specially formulated to manage hyperglycemia and meet dietary needs. This study aims to analyse the sensory...
Proceedings Article
Opinions of Teacher Candidates on Reflective Questioning in Social Studies Teaching
Aylin Parıltan, İlhan Turan
Social studies course involves integrating the content taken from social sciences in accordance with the level of the students to improve their citizenship knowledge, skills and values (correct decision-making). This course, which assists students become virtuous individuals and better citizens, has...
Journal: Artery Research
Conference Abstract
P127 SPATIAL VARIATION OF RESERVOIR PRESSURE IN CHILDREN ASSESSED WITH HIGH FIDELITY PRESSURE MEASUREMENT IN FIVE AORTIC LOCATIONS
Jonathan Mynard, Lucas Eastaugh, Geoff Lane, Greta Goldsmith, Gabriella Springall, Alberto Avolio, Joe Smolich, Michael Cheung
Pages: 116 - 116
Objective: To assess whether reservoir pressure (Pres) in young individuals with a compliant aorta is uniform throughout the aorta, as has recently been reported in older adults with cardiovascular disease (1).
Methods: High fidelity pressure was measured with a Verrata wire (Philips Volcano) in 5 aortic...
Journal: Artery Research
Conference Abstract
P126 THE ASSOCIATION OF THE INTEGRATED CENTRAL PRESSURE-STIFFNESS RISK SCORE WITH CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
János Nemcsik, Dóra Batta, Ádám Tabák, Beáta Kőrösi, Orsolya Cseprekál, András Tislér
Pages: 116 - 116
Background: Our aim was to study the predictive power of ICPS risk categories on CV mortality in hemodialysis patients.
Methods: In our retrospective cohort study 91 patients were involved from two dialysis centers. Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV), central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) and and central pulse...
Journal: Artery Research
Conference Abstract
P1.20 PRESENCE OF INTRACRANIAL STENOSIS IN CORONARY PATIENTS IS ASSOCIATED WITH DETERIORATION OF ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION
L. Ryliskyte, J. Valaikiene, J. Badariene, A. Laucevicius, A. Valaika, J. Dementaviciene, R. Puronaite, I. Butkuviene, A. Vaitkevicius
Pages: 116 - 116
Objectives: The objectives of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of extra/-intracranial stenosis in patients with severe coronary artery disease (CAD) and to analyze how endothelial function and arterial stiffness are related to the presence of intracranial stenosis.
Methods:...
Proceedings Article
Body-Focused Repetitive Disorder: A Case Report of Trichotillomania and Onycothilomania with Social Phobia in a 30-year-old Woman
Lastri Diyani Siregar, Vita Camellia
Background
Trichotillomania (TTM) and Onycothilomania are defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as dermatological conditions categorized as obsessive-compulsive disorders. Based on DSM-5, OCRD (Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders) includes BFRB...
Series: Advances in Engineering Research
Proceedings Article
A Predictive Model of Different Temperature Growth of Escherichia Coli in Fresh-cut Lettuce Based on Matlab7.0
Huixia Duan, Feng Tan, Xinxin Yi, Hongxing Zhang, Maoshu Hou, James E.M. Monaghan
Contamination of Escherichia coli in fresh-cut lettuce poses potential risk to the public. In order to study the growth characteristics of Escherichia coli 1.1187, we established a prediction model of different temperature growth of Escherichia coli in fresh-cut lettuce based on Matlab7.0. In this study,...
Proceedings Article
Information Literacy Skill of Student Achievement Award Winners in Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University
Parhan Hidayat, Irfan Herwandi
The purpose of this research is to measure the information literacy skill of Student Achievement Award (SAA) Winners in Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta in 2016, and to know how they coped with obstacle they get in finding information. This is a descriptive research, using a quantitative...
Proceedings Article
The Effectiveness of Distance Learning for Elementary School
Novia Wahyu Wardhani
The existence of covid 19 made many changes occur, especially in the world of education. One of the changes that occurred is the shift from conventional learning to distance learning. Distance learning turns out to be ineffective when a learner does not focus on himself to fully learn. However, not much...
Proceedings Article
Correlation of Chronic Kidney Disease with Cardiomegaly Imaging in Posteroanterior Chest X-ray
Pradiba Amadita, Priatna, Hendri Priyadi
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a health problem which prevalence is still high and one of the causes of cardiovascular complications. One of those cardiovascular complications is cardiomegaly. One way to identify cardiomegaly is by measuring the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) in chest x-ray (CXR). The aim...
Series: Advances in Engineering Research
Proceedings Article
The Impacts of a Long Residue Addition to the Briquette Quality of Ketapang Fruit and Siwalan Fruit Skin Charcoals Using Amylum as Additive and a Manual Briquette Machine
Suparno, W.R. Hatiningrum, A. Huzein, R.D. Syahputra, A.D Rahangmetang, HH Naim
A Long residue is a bottom product of an atmospheric distillation unit of crude oil. Generally this product is further processed in a refinery secondary unit to produce more yield. In case there is no refinery secondary process this bottom product is mixed with chemicals to produce marine fuel oil. This...
Proceedings Article
A Study on Chinese Translations of “God”: Exemplified by “tianzhu”(天主), “shangdi” (上帝) and “shen” (神)
Yixin Duan, Wenjing Su, Wanjing Zhang, Lingfan Ye, Yimin Yuan
The Chinese civilization has been bursting with vitality and vigor in the process of dialogue with other cultures, especially with the Western classic Bible. The “best” translation of the supreme master of Christianity is one of the core issues in the process of translating the Bible into Chinese. In...
Proceedings Article
Prototype of Kempelang Fish Dryers Reviewed from Energy of H2O that is Evaporated to Air
Ida Febriana, KA Ridwan, Anerasari M, Taufik jauhari
Kempelang is a typical food of Palembang City. The hallmark of ths food lies in the prominent taste of fish. The use of fish will affect the distinctive taste and price of this food. Kempelang crackers are one of the small industry products that are quite popular in the community. In order for kempelang...
Proceedings Article
Activity Test of Ethanol Extract from Pulai Bark (Alstonia scholaris L.) Antiinflammation in Mice (Mus musculus)
Erna Hasani Kusuma Pratiwi, Sri Idawati, Sri Rahmawati, Ajeng Dian Pertiwi, Dhika Juliana Sukmana, Roushandy Asri Fardani, Suhaimi Suhaimi
Inflammation is a complex biological response of vascular tissue to noxious stimuli such as pathogens, damaged body cells, or irritants. The drugs commonly used are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can cause ulceration and bleeding...
Proceedings Article
Effect of Uv Light Variation and CaCO3 (Scavenger) Concentration in Reducing Humic Acid Using TiO2/Fe3O4
Salsabila Juwita Lestari, Fahrizal Adnan, Muhammad Busyairi, Searphin Nugroho
Photocatalyst using TiO2/Fe3O4 aims to degrade humic acid with the help of UVA and UVC. This study also studied the effect of scavengers using calcium carbonate (CaCO3). This study used the sol-gel method for the synthesis of TiO2/Fe3O4. The percentage of degradation using TiO2/Fe3O4 with the help of...
Proceedings Article
Analysis of Physical and Confidence Component on The Student Ability to Bring The Ball in Soccer Games
Mr. Hasbunallah, Mr. Hasyim
This study aims to determine the physical components and confidence in the student's ability to dribble in soccer games at Madello Elementary School, Barru Regency. This study is descriptive methods with two variables, namely independent variables that consist of physical components (balance, speed,...
Proceedings Article
Effect of Jackfruit Seed Flour Substitution on Tambang Cookies’ Calsium, Phosphor and Hedonic Rating
Laili Hidayati, Soenar Soekopitojo, Lismi Animatul Chisbiyah, Velina Mareta
Jackfruit seed flour is flour produced from jackfruit seeds that are dried and mashed. Jackfruit seed flour can be used as an alternative substance for flour or wheat substitution. Tambang cookie is a light meal or snack shaped like a rope with a small size (± 3cm). Tambang cookieis made fromthe dough...
Proceedings Article
Development Of Warm-Up Models For Hockey Game
Novi Marlina Siregar, Friska Restiani Faradita, Hartman Nugraha
The study is aimed to make a warm-up game of hockey and improve motivation training, research for four months in September - December 2017. The research method is using the method of research and development (R & D), according to the Sukmadinata models, where this study uses three stages of the preliminary...
Proceedings Article
The Completeness of The Contents of Dental Records at Private Dental Practice in Bandung
Grace Monica, Jeannette Halim, Ignatius Setiawan
A complete dental record can be used in solving legal cases as well as forensic cases in dentistry. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia has established a minimum standard of filling dental records. A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the completeness of the contents of dental records...
Proceedings Article
The security of medium truck with Engine brake (Jacobs) driving through the mountain highway long downhill slope
Jianbo Wang, Bin Chen, Hengkai Wang, Cao He
In order to solve the problem that the truck should spray water to cool its brake during run the long downhill on mountain highway in winter which can Lead to icy road and cause traffic accidents. We specially selected the straight truck (6×4)which install the engine brake (Jacobs), carrying carry out...
Proceedings Article
Utilization of Social Media Platforms in Preserving Pedalangan Arts
Liliek Budiastuti Wiratmo, Wikan Dewana Janmottama, Mohammed Aden Suryana, Aulia Az Zahra, Belinda Ivana Putri
The advancement of digital technology is inevitable. One of the masterpieces of mankind is in the form of various social media platforms as a further effect of the presence of the internet. Its presence makes it easier for humans to solve problems and meet various needs, including the preservation of...
Journal: Artery Research
Conference Abstract
P122 THE ARTERIAL STIFFNESS DYNAMICS UNDER THE EFFECT OF ROSUVASTATIN ADDED TO DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS
Olga Fedorishina, Konstantin Protasov, Anna Torunova, Nina Scherbakova, Natalia Petronchak
Pages: 114 - 115
We studied the influence of rosuvastatin adding to lisinopril/amlodipine or lisinopril/ hydrochlorothiazide fixed combinations on blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness dynamics in hypertensive patients of high or very high cardiovascular risk.
Methods: 60 patients (36 men and 24 women aged 52.1...
Journal: Artery Research
Conference Abstract
P121 ASSOCIATION OF CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS WITH ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL BLOOD PRESSURE IN RESISTANT HYPERTENSION PATIENTS
Catarina Garcia, Susana Lopes, Susana Bertoquini, Verónica Ribau, Cátia Leitão, Daniela Figueiredo, Ilda P Ribeiro, Joana Barbosa de Melo, João L Viana, José Mesquita-Bastos, Jorge Polónia, Fernando Ribeiro, Alberto J Alves
Pages: 114 - 114
Background: The relationship between arterial stiffness, blood pressure (BP) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been studied in healthy populations and cardiovascular patients, since all of which proved to be independent predictors of all-cause mortality. We aimed to investigate the association...
Journal: Artery Research
Conference Abstract
P1.13 THE ASSESSMENT OF VASCULAR AGE IS A USEFUL TOOL TO DEMONSTRATE SUBCLINICAL ARTERIAL DISEASE IN TREATED HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
M.F. Neves, J. d’El-Rei, A.R. Cunha, M.A. Casanova, M. Trindade, W. Oigman
Pages: 114 - 114
Background: Vascular age may be a more reasonable conception to the patient than the information about the percentage of risk.
Objective: To compare degrees of correlation between biological and vascular age with subclinical evidence of arterial disease in treated hypertensive patients.
Methods: Subjects...
Proceedings Article
Transformation of Women’s Leadership in the Provincial Parliament of the Bangka Belitung Islands in the Society 5.0 Era: Advancing Inclusive Development
Rifky Firdaus Hidayatullah, Dian Junita, Ari Agung Nugroho, Rulyanti Susi Wardhani
This study examines two central issues: the representation of women in the Provincial Parliament (DPRD) of the Bangka Belitung Islands for the 2024–2029 period, and the transformation of their leadership in addressing developmental demands in the era of Society 5.0. The findings indicate that women’s...
Series: Advances in Engineering Research
Proceedings Article
The Vacuum Technique for Cooling PV Cell
Suryanto Suryanto, Firman Firman
The temperature of Photo-Voltaic (PV) cells which increases when getting high radiation levels during the mid-day can reduce the efficiency of PV cells. This is a detrimental characteristic of producing electrical energy in a solar power generation system. The study objective is to improve cooling techniques...