It is a challenge area in the field of ad hoc networks to support prioritized routing for time sensitive applications, such as multimedia communications, IP telephony and interactive games. However the existing protocols did not consider the special battery discharging behavior of wireless devices. The...

Switching system implies data transmission between two communicating entities. This transmission can be either via trunks or it can be completely wireless, technically termed as Telephone Switching and Mobile switching, respectively. We report the implementation of a switching system using very high...

Mobile Ad Hoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes connected through a wireless link resulting in formation of temporary network without any assistance from existing infrastructure or any kind of centralized administration. The performance of an Ad Hoc network depends on the kind of routing...

License plate detection process can be divided in two parts 1] plate extraction, 2] character segmentation. License plate detection relies on illumination conditions, background and mainly on camera resolution. There is absence of any common standard to compare various algorithms for a LPD system, because...

In this paper, an attempt has been made to design Edge Feed Microstrip , VSWR, phase chactersrtics and observed effect of different parameter by hanging height for all substrate in terms of return losses. The matching act as high radiator for low dielectric and low radiator for high dielectric

In this paper Time Domain Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm and Wavelet Transform Domain Least Mean Square (WDLMS) algorithm with Daubechies wavelets are used to minimize the undesired noise from speech signals. The performance of this algorithm using different Daubechies wavelets db1, db5 and db10 are...

Recognizing the importance of developing renewable energy resources, the Highways Agency commissioned a preliminary scoping study in 2001 to explore available methods and assess the possibility of renewable energy generation being exploited within the highway network. Among the various means of transportation,...

Correlation techniques are used to find whether the electrocardiogram (ECG) is normal or abnormal. These correlation techniques could be further used to detect the type of abnormality present in the abnormal ECG. Reference ECG signals could be stored for all type of abnormalities and the test ECG signal...

Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) is one of the most popular distributed cluster-based routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. Clustering algorithm of the LEACH is simple but offers no guarantee about even distribution of cluster heads over the network. LEACH doesn’t ensure even...

With the advancement of networking technology it is anticipated to have Internet like functionality in tactical network. However, unlike commercial network the tactical networks operate under severe environment and resources constraints. Moreover, the MANET architecture and shared resources of wireless...

Mobile agents (MA) needs to migrate to several host to accomplish its task .Migration strategy is responsible for planning out an optimal migration path ,which ensures mobile agent to complete its task correctly and efficiently at the minimum cost .This paper describe the strategy adopted by a mobile...

In this paper, a method is proposed for chirp rate and initial frequency estimation in the presence of non-Gaussian noise. In this approach, the noise is considered a component of signal phase. After extracting the phase of received signal, we estimate the parameters of interest by using the linear estimators....

As the Internet continues its exponential growth, two of the major problems that today’s Web users are suffering from are the network congestion and Web Server overloading. Web caching and pre-fetching are well known strategies for improving the performance of Internet systems. Web caching techniques...

In the long-term evolution (LTE) system, channel equalization makes compensation to restore the original signal, the paper puts forward iteration sphere decoding algorithm which combines traditional sphere decoding and the improved QR based on the conventional QR decomposition detection algorithm. It...

In this paper we propose a half stacked and full stacked SRAM cell design for low power application. This based on the “Stacking Effect of Transistors” with stacking of the driver and the load transistors to reduce the total power consumed in the SRAM cell. The results obtained on basis of proposed half...

In order to make solar energy competitive with the other forms of renewable energies, a better exploitation of its advantages especially environmental side, this will be possible only with the development of the less expensive and high output efficiency systems. In this paper, the modeling and simulation...

The OFDM technique is predominantly used during the implementation of WiMAX Physical layer. This paper focuses on the PHY-layer design aspects, namely, modulation and coding techniques associated. OFDMA, an extension of OFDM, makes use of Adaptive Modulation and Coding techniques to improve efficiency,...

Wideband application put a new demand on antennas pertaining to size, gain, efficiency, bandwidth and more. This paper presents the design and analysis of fractal antenna which uses the self similarity property of fractal geometry. This unique property is exploited to develop antenna elements that are...

This paper presents the details of avionics system design of a quadrotor. It uses the direction cosine matrix approach to identify the coordinates of the quadrotor and then using PID controller it tries to minimize the drifting error. The aim of the paper is to develop a system which uses a small amount...

Emotions are an essential and productive aspect of human thought or action and human thought is inherently emotional. Emotions are factors which vary as mood varies. When person experience different emotions then there is also change in physiological signals in human body and with this variation comes...

Several traditional encryption schemes have been analysed and based on the literature survey, it has been found that chaotic sequences are very much useful to create randomness. In this paper, a new encryption scheme has been proposed with two phases. In the first phase the input image is transformed...

This paper presents an algorithm for solving the multi-objective reactive power dispatch problem in a power system. Modal analysis of the system is used for static voltage stability assessment. Loss minimization and maximization of voltage stability margin are taken as the objectives. Generator terminal...

In this paper we have proposed a new linear mathematical model for due date assignment on the single machine scheduling problem in a batch delivery system. Some assumptions are used as due dates are controllable, dynamic job arrivals; unforced machine idle and preemption are allowed. In this paper we...

In this paper, an algorithm for segmenting skin regions in color images using color and edge information is presented. Skin colored regions are first detected using a Bayesian model of the human skin color. These regions are further segmented into skin region candidates that satisfy the homogeneity property...

In this Paper I have taken the different buffer (packet) size for different Routing Protocols and study the different performance matrices where we will get the optimize result and where we will get the worst result i.e. where we get the maximum packets and where packet reception at receiver is minimum..In...

In this paper the Koch Fractal shaped Microstrip End Coupled Half-wavelength Bandpass Filter is used to show the effect of space gap on the response with an center frequency of 2.02 Ghz . As the filters are the key elements of telecommunications and radar systems and are important items in the performance...

Delay Tolerant Networks are resource constraint network. Selfish behavior of a node causes it to drop legitimate packets of other nodes, leading to low message delivery and wastage of valuable network resources. Here a Minimax Theory Based Scheme is proposed to distribute credits among non selfish nodes...

Social networking sites are very useful in sharing information, making friends and keeping in touch with old friends. It is an online service, platform, or site that focuses on facilitating the building of social networks and social elation among peoples for sharing interests, activities, backgrounds,...

The secondary service is able to access the spectrum allocated to primary service through spectrum sharing mechanisms. Cognitive radio technology which enables secondary users to share spectrum with primary users in an opportunistic manner can be implemented for this. Scheduling or resource allocation...

Botnets are becoming more hazardous in cyber crime when compared to other malicious activities. Security against botnets is a major concern. Botnet forensics is young science which can answer questions about how, what and where of damage done by bots. The forensic system deals with capturing, recording,...

It is a challenge area in the field of ad hoc networks to support prioritized routing for time sensitive applications, such as multimedia communications, IP telephony and interactive games. However the existing protocols did not consider the special battery discharging behavior of wireless devices. The...

The advanced development in wireless sensor networks can be used in monitoring various parameters in agriculture. Due to uneven natural distribution of rain water it is very difficult for farmers to monitor and control the distribution of water to agriculture field in the whole farm or as per the requirement...

Abstract-Sample Rate Conversion(SRC) and channelization are the two necessary tasks to be implemented for the design of a radio receiver. For a multi-standard software radio with a very high intermediate frequency(IF), which is of the order of 80MHz and above, the implementation of a sample rate converter...

Steganography is the art and science of writing hidden messages in such a way that no one, apart from the sender and intended recipient, suspects the existence of the message. Steganography is a form of security through obscurity. Steganography algorithms uses cover media such as text, image, audio and...

Though optical fibres have many advantages, they have noticeable disadvantages as well. So there is a need to look for other alternatives. This paper explores the penetration phenomenon of the light through some daily use products like milk and oil. Some of the light will be absorbed when passed through...

In this paper a digital image watermarking based on 3 level discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is presented & compare it with 1 & 2 levels DWT. In this technique a multi-bit watermark is embedded into the low frequency sub-band of a cover image by using alpha blending technique. During embedding, watermark...

In recent years, The advancement of power electronic technology, novel control strategies and new circuit topologies, the grid connected small wind turbine industry is primarily dominated by the permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) have increasingly drawn interests to wind turbine manufactures....

Wireless communication systems are evolving to- ward multi functionality. This multi functionality provides users with options of connecting to different kinds of wire- less services for different purposes at different times. It is highly desirable to develop single radiating element having capabilities...

Facial expression recognition is necessary for designing any human-machine interfaces. Facial expression plays an important role in the recognition of human emotions and non verbal communication. Human face is a rich and powerful source of communicative information about human behavior. In this dissertation...

The design and application of level shifter circuit which is based on single power supply is presented in this paper different from conventional level shifter circuitry. A level shifter may be used to shift any voltage level to a desired level without any leakage current. To reduce the supply routing...

Spreading codes are used to distinguish users and spread the signal to occupy much wider band width than the minimum required band width. Spreading codes are also called as user codes. Walsh, Gold and Kasami codes are the popularly used Binary (2-level) user codes. This paper proposes new multi level...

Discrete Cosine Transform is one of the most important building blocks for the emerging video coding standard, H.264. In this paper, architecture for DCT computation, a hardware intensive operation, using dynamic partial reconfiguration is proposed. Field programmable gate array (FPGA), due to inherent...

Towards the end of the 20th century, we have seen an improved interest among Statisticians and Computer engineers to explore and extract data from data sources, by considering time as standard of measurement. However, some of the techniques used remains the same as that used in conventional data mining....

In this paper, Modified F slot loaded Complimentary split ring resonator inspired microstrip patch antenna for dual band WiMAX applications (3.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz) is proposed. We introduced Modified F slot in ground plane for the reduction of physical size. And Complimentary split ring resonator inspired...

The focus of this paper is on our contributions towards Single feed circularly polarized antennas. Single feed circularly polarized antennas are currently receiving much attention. Circular polarization is beneficial because current and future commercial and military applications require the additional...

The main contribution of this work is the determination of the optical flow of the image.It may be defined as the apparent movement of patterns of brightness in a sequence of images. Optical flow is caused by both motion of the observer and by motion of objects in the scene. The Optical flow algorithm...

Reversible logic has received great attention in the recent years due to their ability to reduce the power dissipation which is the main requirement in low power digital design. It has wide applications advanced computing, low power CMOS design, Optical information processing, DNA computing, bio information,...

Accessing remote services and data is one of the most important applications in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. Data replication is one of the most popular techniques used to increase data availability by replicating frequently accessed data items locally or nearby. In MANETs, data replication helps to avoid...

This paper aims to optimize the multiband performance of a patch fractal antenna by varying the number of iterations of the Sierpinski’s carpet fractal and increasing number of layers of the patch. In this paper a Sierpinski’s carpet microstrip fractal antenna with three levels of iteration having multiband...

Software Defined Radio (SDR) platforms make use of Digital Down Converter (DDC) and Digital Up Converter (DUC), while performing baseband processing. In this paper, various filters being used in DDC as well as DUC sections of two different SDR platforms, USRPB100 and USRPN210 are considered. A simulation...