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7752 articles
Series: Advances in Physics Research
Proceedings Article
Effect of Polyacriontrile (PAN) Concentration on Characteristics and Performance of TiO2/N719/PAN-rGO for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Herlin Pujiarti, Anjar Nur Ramadhani, Nabila Hari Arimbi, Markus Diantoro, Arif Nur Afandi, Nasikhudin
The increase in energy demand and reduced energy reserve, other alternative energy sources that are more environmentally friendly are needed, one of which is solar cells. Among several types of solar cells, Dye Sensitized Solar Cell is a type of solar cell that can produce electricity more efficiently....
Proceedings Article
Development of a Noble Speech Culture Based on Sabdajati Manuscript by Ranggawarsita III as a Representation of Power
Roch Aris Hidayat, Umi Masfiah, Mustolehudin, Moch Lukluil Maknun
This paper aims to describe the noble teachings of Ranggawarsita III in the Sabdajati manuscript. The noble advice is useful for every human being, including those in power. The research method uses a qualitative approach with library research techniques, the analysis uses content analysis techniques...
Series: Advances in Engineering Research
Proceedings Article
Barriers to the Implementation of Digital Transformation in Building Construction Projects in Aceh Province
Fadhil Ash Shiddiq, Muttaqin Hasan, Alfa Taras Bulba
Digital transformation is a key driver of efficiency and effectiveness in construction projects in the Industry 4.0 era, but its implementation in Aceh faces specific local and operational barriers. These barriers include uneven internet and cloud infrastructure across districts, limited APBA budget...
Journal: Artery Research
Conference Abstract
11.3 ATHEROMATOSIS AND ENDOTHELIAL RESPONSE OF THE SMALL PERIPHERAL ARTERIES: A PERITONEAL DIALYSIS VERSUS HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS MISMATCH
Athanasios Angelis, Nikolaos Ioakimidis, Penny Giannou, Ioannis Felekos, Vasiliki Kakiouzi, Konstantina Aggeli, Dimitrios Petras, Charalampos Vlachopoulos, Dimitrios Tousoulis
Pages: 74 - 74
Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) are treatment options for end stage renal disease (ESRD). However, few are known on the cardiovascular impose of those therapeutic modalities. Our aim is to uncover endothelial damage and subclinical atheromatous process in male patients on chronic...
Journal: Artery Research
Conference Abstract
P75 SIGNS OF ACCELERATED CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN EARLY TYPE 2 DIABETES ASSESSED BY MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Esben Laugesen, Pernille Høyem, Samuel Thrysøe, Esben Hansen, Anders Mikkelsen, Bill Kerwin, L. Poulsen Per, K. Hansen Troels, Y. Kim Won
Pages: 74 - 74
Background: Ischemic stroke from carotid plaque embolism remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, the effect of T2DM on early carotid plaque burden and composition is sparsely elucidated. We assessed carotid plaque composition by carotid magnetic...
Research Article
Modeling of Municipal Drainage and Urban Channel Flooding in Coastal City in the South of China
Xiyan Ren, Demiao Yu, Yongjun Ruan, Guo Yu
Pages: 74 - 86
A numerical model has been formatted including ocean, rain drainage, urban channels, and pumps by the software MIKE FLOOD which coupling MIKE URBAN, MIKE 11 and MIKE 21. The different scenarios have been simulated. The flooding warning water level of the urban channel is low to the spring tide height,...
Proceedings Article
Performance of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) Post Harvest and Marketing in East Halmahera Regency
Asmanur Jannah, Sari Anggarawati, Sunardi Sunardi, Isnain Turuy
Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) is an evergreen tree indigenous to Banda Island of Indonesia. In 2018 nutmeg production in Indonesia was 36,242 tons from 202,325 ha land, whereas the biggest production from the center production i.e. North Maluku Province. The aim of the study was to determine the performance...
Proceedings Article
Factors Affecting Consumers' Decisions in Using BNI Credit Cards in Makassar
Ms. Sapinah, Andi Annisa Sulolipu
The study aimed to find out the simultaneous influence on product, price, place and promotion to the consumers' decision by using BNI Makassar credit cards. The population of this research was 250 consumers and the samples were 180 con-sumers. The data were collected by using questionnaire, observa-tion...
Research Article
Putting surveillance data into context: The role of health care utilization surveys in understanding population burden of pneumonia in developing countries
Meredith Deutscher, Chris Van Beneden, Deron Burton, Alvin Shultz, Oliver W. Morgan, Shadi Chamany, Hannah T. Jordan, Xingyou Zhang, Brendan Flannery, Daniel R. Feikin, Beatrice Olack, Kim A. Lindblade, Robert F. Breiman, Sonja J. Olsen
Pages: 73 - 81
Background: Surveillance is essential to estimating the global burden of pneumonia, yet differences in surveillance methodology and health care-seeking behaviors limit inter-country comparisons.
Methods: Results were compared from community surveys measuring health care-seeking for pneumonia defined...
Research Article
A national survey of childhood physical abuse among females in Swaziland
Matthew J. Breiding, James A. Mercy, Jama Gulaid, Avid Reza, Nonhlanhla Hleta-Nkambule
Pages: 73 - 81
Objective: This study describes the scope and characteristics of childhood physical abuse in a nationally representative sample of 13–24 year-old females in Swaziland. The current study also examined health consequences and risk factors of childhood physical abuse.
Methods: The study utilized a two-stage...
Proceedings Article
Behavioral Intention Analysis on E-Money Services in Indonesia: Using the modified UTAUT model
Refi Rifaldi Windya Giri, Dinny Apriliani, Alfira Sofia
The level of use of e-money services in Indonesia is still relatively low. Low in trust and high risk are thought to be determinants of the level of community behavioral intention. On the other hand, other factors of age, gender and level of education also affect the relationship of behavioral intention...
Proceedings Article
Old Industrial Regions: Identification, Kinds and Perspectives of “New Industrialization”
Inna Mitrofanova, Ekaterina Rodionova, Altynay Adzhikova, Rashid Kantserov, Elena Timacheva
About 40% of Russian regions can be referred to old industrial ones and technological advantages of most of them are being lost due to scientific-and-technological advance as well as structural changes; and structural reforms in these regions are being slowed down due to the deficiency of financial resources...
Series: Advances in Engineering Research
Proceedings Article
Effects of Different Concentrations of Selenium on Growth of Capsella bursa-pastoris
Zhi Ran, Guochao Sun, Ji Liu, Yi Tang
A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of selenium at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg on the growth of Capsella bursa-pastoris. The biomass, photosynthetic pigment content and antioxidant enzyme activity were measured. The results showed that 5, 10, 10, 25 mg/kg selenium...
Proceedings Article
Development of Learning Models through Relay Games to Improve Fine Motoric Children Aged 5-6 Years
Lidia Vera Bessu, Panggung Sutapa
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of learning modelsthrough relay games to improve fine motor skills for children aged 5-6 years. This research and development refers to the Borg & Gall model. Development design is grouped into 3 steps, namely: (1) preliminary study, (2) development process,...
Proceedings Article
Google Forms as Worksheets to Foster Students’ Learning Interest and Autonomy During Online Mathematics Learning
Roni Priyanda, Nishbah Fadhelina, Iden Rainal Ihsan
The Covid-19 pandemic demand change in education. Various online learning activities are arranged and presented so that learning continues to run effectively. In general, the aim of this research is to analyze the student worksheet assisted by Google forms (GF) during online mathematics learning. There...
Proceedings Article
Topical Silver Diamine Fluoride 38% for Arresting Dentine Caries Active in Dental Clinic
Poppy Andriany, Sondang Pintauli, Rahayu Lubis, Anton Rahardjo
Introduction. This study aimed the effectiveness of topical silver diamine fluoride application in arresting active dentine caries in primary teeth in dental clinic.Methods. This study was a clinical trial, A total of 40 children aged 5-6 years old in dental clinic who had at least one active dentine...
Proceedings Article
The Nursing Implementation of Monitoring Blood Glucose in Increasing the Stability of Blood Glucose Level in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Abdul Gani, Ira Kusumawaty, Sherli Shobur, Marisa Kartika Putri
Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by an increase in blood sugar level and this condition is treated by giving insulin injections. Overdose of insulin will cause hypoglycemia hence it’s important to independently check blood glucose levels. This research aims to obtain an overview of the implementation...
Proceedings Article
Self-Potential Based Curriculum Management in Elementary Schools
Ita Syazwanti, Imron Arifin, Sultoni
This study aims to describe self-potential based curriculum management where the main focus is for students to develop their potential and be useful in the future. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study research type. This research was conducted at Alam Ar-Rohmah Elementary School...
Proceedings Article
In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Limonia acidissima, L. Leaves Aqueous Extract on Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803)
Muh. Andhi Hardianto, Slamet Widiyanto
Mortality, loss of production, slowed growth, poor weight gain, and even death are all common economic losses caused by haemonchosis. Due to the emergence of anthelmintic resistance and the expensive expense of chemical anthelmintic treatments, medicinal plants have been investigated as potential anthelmintics....
Proceedings Article
Design of an Introduction Robot for Exhibition
Kai Fang, Xin Xu, Guanghui Yan
In order to facilitate the on-site service of large-scale Auto Show, we designed an intelligent human-computer interactive exhibition robot. The exhibition introduces robot uses STM32f767IGT and STC11l08XE micro-controllers as controllers, uses infrared proximity sensors to detect exhibitors approaching...
Proceedings Article
Applying of Flipped Classroom Model in Terms of Motivation Level on Learning Outcomes of Teacher Candidates
Vera Septi Andrini, Erdyna Dwi Etika
The role of prospective teachers in Indonesia determines to achieve quality education. This study looks at the relationship between motivation level and the flipped classroom paradigm. Quasi-experimental research designs are used in this kind of study. All STKIP PGRI Nganjuk students enrolled in statistics...
Proceedings Article
The Effect of GDP, Zakat, and Infaq Shadaqah On-Demand for Money and Their Relationship to Income and Poverty in Indonesia
Eva Misfah Bayuni
This study aims to determine the effect of macroeconomic variables, Zakat and Infaq Shadaqah on money demand in Indonesia. The used data is secondary data from the 2010-2019 time series. The method of this research is using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). E-views 9 program is used for processing...
Journal: Artery Research
Conference Abstract
3.4 A CLINICAL SCORE TO PREDICT ELEVATED ARTERIAL STIFFNESS: DERIVATION AND VALIDATION IN 3,943 HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Panagiotis Xaplanteris, Charalambos Vlachopoulos, Athanasios Protogerou, Konstantinos Aznaouridis, Dimitris Terentes-Printzios, Antonis Argyris, Nikolaos Tentolouris, Petros Sfikakis, Dimitris Tousoulis
Pages: 73 - 73
Purpose/Background/Objectives: Aortic stiffness assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an important predictor to gauge the overall risk of hypertensive patients; nonetheless, it is underutilized in everyday practice. We derived a simple scoring system based on clinical variables that...
Journal: Artery Research
Conference Abstract
P66 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN URINARY SODIUM EXCRETION, ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION AND ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN NON-DIABETIC HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Michelle Cunha, Ana Rosa Cunha, Bianca Cristina Marques, Jenifer D’El-Rei, Samanta Mattos, Ronaldo Gismondi, Wille Oigman, Mario Neves
Pages: 73 - 73
Background: High salt intake has been associated with structural and functional vascular changes.1
Objective: To correlate urinary sodium excretion with endothelial function and arterial stiffness in non-diabetic hypertensive patients.
Methods: Cross-sectional study with non-diabetic hypertensive patients,...
Journal: Artery Research
Conference Abstract
10.8 SYSTOLIC AORTIC PRESSURE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT CALIBRATION METHODS IN THE GENERAL POPULATION
Siegfried Wassertheurer, Bernhard Hametner, Christopher Mayer, Ahmed Hafez, Thomas Weber
Pages: 73 - 73
Background: There is recent evidence from different research groups that accuracy [1] and prognostic value [2,3,4] of systolic aortic pressure significantly depends on the method of calibration. Although these results consistently show superiority of mean pressure calibration (aSBP2) over both, traditional...
Proceedings Article
Digital Transformation at Universities: Global Trends and Vietnam’s Chances
Phung The VINH
Research purpose:
The study aims at investigating the meanings and impacts of digital transformation on universities from global perpectives and also looking at how Vietnam’s universities can seize the opportunities and overcome the challenges from digital transformation.
Research motivation:
Digital...
Proceedings Article
Behaviors of Personal Meaning Marker Suffixes in Mandarin Language
Subandi Subandi, Xiao Renfei, Muhammad F. Masrur, Cicik Arista
Suffixes are constituents that form larger grammatical units, especially in the form of words. Each suffix has a specific function in forming the meaning type: the personal meaning type. Various suffixes form a single personal meaning in Mandarin, and each form has its specifications of personal meaning...
Proceedings Article
Implementation of Using Caretaker Speech in Distance Learning Assistance Activity
Prasetyawan Aji Sugiharto, Madya Giri Aditama
The application of distance learning in elementary education using virtual technology is an activity that needs to be supported and considered to support good quality learning for the continuity of education during the Covid-19 pandemic. The learning process will not run without communication. Communication...
Series: Advances in Engineering Research
Proceedings Article
The Design and Implementation of the Project Accounting System
Yuwen Liu
In this paper, in order to meet the management and business requirements of project management in the engineering company, the project accounting system is developed. While designing the system, we absorb the advantages of the rules for the preparation of accounting subject divide the project accounting...
Series: Advances in Physics Research
Proceedings Article
Synthesis and Photochromic Properties of Unsymmetry Diarylethene1-[2-methyl-5- (4-n-amyl-phenyl)-3-thienyl]-2-[2-methyl-1-phenyl] Perfluorocyclopentene
F. Xu, X.D. Zhang, X.R. Dong, G. Liu
An unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene, 1-[2- methyl-5-(4-n-amyl-phenyl)-3-thienyl]-2-[2-methyl-1-phenyl] perfluorocyclopentene (1o), has been synthesized. Its photochromic properties were examined. The results showed that this compound exhibited reversible photochromism and undergo reversible cyclization...
Proceedings Article
The Implementation of Community-based Ecotourism Concept in Osing Tourism Village Development Strategy of Banyuwangi Regency, Indonesia
Wiwin Indiarti, Abdul Munir
Rural tourism is one of the sectors having potency and opportunity to develop as the optimization of rural resources in the fighting against poverty. One of the approaches which can be used to develop rural tourism activities is Community-based Ecotourism (CBE) concept in the form of tourism village....
Proceedings Article
How do You Believe Electronic Word of Mouth in Making Decision to Stay?
Yeni Yuniawati, Dewi Pancawati Novalita, Bekti Sabila Riyanto
Crowne Plaza Bandung is a 5 star class hotel in the city of Bandung which is an international chain under the auspices of the Intercontinental Hotels Group. Crowne Plaza Bandung currently has problems with marketing which has an impact on the decline in hotel room occupancy. Efforts are being made to...
Proceedings Article
The Effect of Integrated Civil Approaches with Inquiry Model on Critical Thinking Ability and Cognitive Learning Outcomes of Samarinda State 11 High School Students
Elsje Theodora Maasawet, Wahyu Sekti Retnaningsih
The purpose of the study is to determine the combined approach of learning learning models on cognitive thinking skills and cognitive learning outcomes of student of Samarinda Grade II High School. This research includes Quasi Experimental population of all students of class X scientific grade Samarinda...
Proceedings Article
The Effect of Mackerel Meat on the Number of Purkinje Cell in the Cerebellum of Congenital Hypothyroid Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Idiani Darmawati, Rijal Saputro, Zulkhah Noor
Early detection through screening of congenital hypothyroid is not a regular program of the government .. so that cases of congenital hypothyroid can not be managed appropriately. Therefore, it needs to be done the research .about the benefits of the granting of a bloated fish containing omega-3 on...
Journal: Artery Research
Research Article
Applanation tonometry for evaluation of the haemodynamic response to the active orthostatic test
Rene Mileva-Popova, Nikolay Stoynev, Nina Belova
Pages: 72 - 82
Background: Our study was aimed at the assessment of the age-specific hemodynamic response to the active orthostatic test (OT).
Methods: Two groups (60-Y/O and 20-Y/O) were subjected to OT (three 5-minute periods: baseline supine, upright standing, recovery supine). Continuous electrocardiogram was...
Proceedings Article
Developing Science and Creativity Through the Water Playing Exploratory Game
Ratna Hasmawati, Wahyu Sukartiningsih, Bachtiar Syaiful Bachri
This research aims to review (1) the influence of water-playing exploratory game to the children’s science ability, (2) the influence of water-playing exploratory game to the children’s creativity. The researcher is choosing an exploratory game to develop children’s science and creativity between 5 to...
Proceedings Article
The Effects of Team Games Tournament Smart Cards Method to the Handwashing Knowledge with Soap Among 5–6 Years Old Preschoolers
Malpaleni Satriana, Aminuddin, Ummi Salamah, Danti Mutia Sari, Herawaty, Antung Dewi Nurliana Sagita, Ali Abubakar, Kasbonati
This research aims to reveal the knowledge of how 5-6 year old preschoolers wash their hands with soap by employing Team Games Tournament Smart Cards method in TKIT of Baitul Izzah Bengkulu. This research uses pre-experimental method with 33 preschoolers as the sample. The instrument used is a questionnaire...
Research Article
Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Patients Attending Tertiary Care Health Setting in Peshawar
Zair Hassan, Iftikhar Ali, Faheemullah Khan, Muhammad Shahbaz Khan
Pages: 72 - 75
Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked disorder that mainly affects red blood cells resulting in its lysis manifesting as hemolytic anemia. The purpose of this study is to measure the burden of this genetic disorder in patients presenting to a tertiary care health setting...
Proceedings Article
The Impact of Supervision from Head of School and Motivation of Educator in Working on the Performance of Educator
Fora Margeat Sumantri, Bukman Lian, Syaiful Eddy
This research aims to examine whether or not 1) the impact of supervision from head of school on the performance of educator; 2) the impact of educator’s motivation in working on their performance; and 3) the impact of supervision from head of school and motivation of educator in working on the performance...
Proceedings Article
Good Audit Planning Practices in the Digital Era
R. Nelly Nur Apandi, Alfira Sofia, Hanifa Zulhaimi
The purpose of this study is to identify important considerations that must be carried out by junior auditors in the planning phase in the current digitalization era. This research uses a qualitative study approach by conducting in-depth interviews with experts in auditing, information technology, and...
Proceedings Article
Law Enforcement as an Effort to Control Environmental Damage Due to Sand Mining in the Progo River, Yogyakarta
Solichah Novyana Putri, Fajriya Kurniawati
This study aims to determine law enforcement in controlling environmental damage due to sand mining on the Progo River, Yogyakarta. This type of research is doctrinal research. The approach taken uses a statutory and conceptual approach. The technique of collecting legal materials used in this legal...
Proceedings Article
Development of an 8-12 Years Old Pencak Silat Attack Coordination Skills Test
Kurniati Rahayuni, Taufik, Khoiriyah
Pencak silat is sport original origin from Indonesia. Formation performance pencak silat is with develop technique motion coordination attack pencak silat. The attack is within pencak silat covers attack hands and feet, however Not yet there are test instruments for know coordination attack child’s hands...
Proceedings Article
Addition of Fish Oil in the Formulation of Alginate Granules as an Alternative for Oral Fish Vaccines
Desy Sugiani, Taukhid Taukhid, Angela Mariana Lusiastuti, Yani Aryati, Uni Purwaningsih, Hessy Novita, Tuti Sumiati, Nunak Nafiqoh, Lila Gardenia, Septyan Andriyanto
Alginate is widely used for encapsulation material in the development of fish drugs enrichment. In this study, alginate was developed to construct granules containing fish vaccines. The preparation of granules using alginate with food and pharmaceutical grade was compared to obtain the best shape. The...
Journal: Artery Research
Conference Abstract
10.6 VARIATION OF THE ASYMPTOTIC DIASTOLIC PRESSURE WITH DIFFERENT FITTING TECHNIQUES IN HEALTHY HUMANS
Nicola Pomella, Christina Kolyva, Ernst Rietzschel, Patrick Segers, Ashraf W. Khir, Madalina Negoita
Pages: 72 - 72
Background: Reservoir-wave model assumes the measured pressure (Pm) consists of two additive components: reservoir (Pr) and excess pressure (Pex)1–2. Calculation of Pr requires fitting the diastolic decay of Pm for calculating parameters P∞ (asymptotical value) and b (time constant)1. However, there...
Journal: Artery Research
Conference Abstract
3.2 RESERVOIR PRESSURE INTEGRAL IS INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE REDUCTION IN RENAL FUNCTION IN AN OLDER POPULATION
Kunihiko Aizawa, Francesco Casanova, David M. Mawson, Kim M. Gooding, W. David Strain, Phillip E. Gates, Gerd Östling, Faisel Khan, Helen M. Colhoun, Carlo Palombo, Kim H. Parker, Jan Nilsson, Angela C. Shore, Alun D. Hughes
Pages: 72 - 73
Background: Central haemodynamic parameters derived from reservoir pressure analysis (RPA-parameters) exhibit prognostic utility. Alterations in reservoir function could have an unfavourable influence on target organs, such as the kidneys. We determined in older adults whether these RPA-parameters would...
Journal: Artery Research
Conference Abstract
P64 ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND PULSE PRESSURE AMPLIFICATION IN ADULTS WITH ISOLATED SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION
Rosa Maria Bruno, Francesco Faggioni, Daniele Simone, Stefano Taddei, Ugo Faraguna, Lorenzo Ghiadoni
Pages: 72 - 72
Background/aim: ISH is usually considered more prevalent in aged individuals and associated to increased large artery stiffness. This study is aimed at identifying determinants of ISH in adult individuals.
Methods: 20 individuals <60 years, referred to the Outpatient Hypertension Unit for high blood...
Research Article
A Middleware-Based Implementation for Data Integration of Remote Devices
Xianyong Liu, Yanping Liu, Lizhuang Ma, Qing Gao
Pages: 72 - 78
Different from existing techniques3-5 that often focus on high level data integration, this paper contributes a novel solution at device level, implementing a fully scalable and configurable middleware, aiming at releasing the power of parallel processing with distributed data. It is designed as a soft-gateway...
Series: Advances in Engineering Research
Proceedings Article
Effect of Hole Transport Layers on the Performance of Organic Optoelectronic Devices based on PBDB-T:ITIC Bulk Heterojunction
Shan-Shan Zhang, Xiao-Hua Zhang, Jiang Huang
In this work, the organic optoelectronic devices with both photovoltaic and detection performance were fabricated based on a blend of the polymer poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)- benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1',3'-di-2-thienyl-5',7'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo [1',2'-c:4',5'-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione))]...
Proceedings Article
Effect of Teacher’s Emotion on English Class in College
W.Q. Tang, R.B. Huang, H.Z. Fu
Emotion is a part of psychological activity, which affects the activity of behavioral agent. Specially, in teaching activity, as the dominant player of teaching activity, the teacher’s emotion will influence the students enormously. Massive researches have focused on the role played by classroom behavior...
Research Article
Mass Gathering Medicine (Hajj Pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia): The Outcome of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation during Hajj
Bader Hamza Shirah, Fareed Abdulmuhsen Al Nozha, Syed Husham Zafar, Hussain Mohammed Kalumian
Pages: 71 - 75
The annual Hajj (pilgrimage) to the Islamic holy shrines at the city of Makkah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the largest yearly recurring mass gatherings worldwide. We aim to evaluate the outcome of outside and inside the hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation to resuscitate cardiopulmonary...