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The exponential growth in electronic data over internet have increased the demand of a robust and high quality watermarking method for authentication and copyright protection. In general, the existing digital image watermarking methods embed the binary or gray scale watermark into the host image although...

Differential constraints compatible with the linearized equations of partial differential equations are examined. Recursion operators are obtained by integrating the differential constraints.

The variational bicomplex of forms invariant under the symmetry algebra of the potential Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation is described and the cohomology of the associated Euler-Lagrange complex is computed. The results are applied to a characterization problem of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation by...

Cloud Computing is a utility model that offers everything as a service and supports dynamical resource provisioning and auto-scaling in datacenter. Cloud datacenter must envision resource allocation and reallocation to meet out the unpredictable user demand that touted gains in the model. This impact...

We present a novel method for the reduction of integrable two-dimensional discrete systems to one-dimensional mappings. The procedure allows for the derivation of nonautonomous systems, which are typically discrete (difference or q) Painlevé equtions, or of autonomous ones. In the latter case we produce...

Observing the Universe, astronomers have concluded that the motion of stars can not be accounted for unless one assumes that most of the mass in the Universe is carried on by a "dark matter", so far impervious to all attempts at being detected. There is now a similar concept of "dark energy". I shall...

This paper focuses on the investigation of filters of pseudo BCK-algebra and BL-algebra, important and popular generic commutative and non-commutative logical algebras. By characterizing Boolean filter and implicative filter in pseudo BCK-algebra, the essential equivalent relation between these two filters...

Carriers of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, are the sole source of neurocysticercosis, a parasitic tissue infection that can be chronic and severe. Identifying T. solium tapeworm carriers is challenging. Many are asymptomatic and go undetected and unreported. In addition, T. solium is difficult to...

The demographics, clinical features, and histopathological classification of orbital space-occupying lesions in adults have not been widely described in our part of the world except for the pediatric population. In this retrospective study, we collected 110 consecutive adult patients (18 years and older)...

Nonlinear ODEs invariant under the group SL(2,R) are solved numerically. We show that solution methods incorporating the Lie point symmetries provide better results than standard methods.

Since the shell of the hazelnuts is very hard, it is necessary to squeeze the slit in the axial direction to facilitate peeling. When the hazelnuts are automatically processed in the industry chain, the axial of the hazelnuts needs to be quickly positioned. In this paper, the sum of projection gradient...

We consider two-dimensional lattice equations defined on an elementary square of the Cartesian lattice and depending on the variables at the corners of the quadrilateral. For such equations the property often associated with integrability is that of “multidimensional consistency” (MDC): it should be...

In this paper, we deal with contractions of Lie algebras. We use two invariant functions of Lie algebras as a tool, named ψ and φ function, respectively, which have a great application in Physics due to their remarkable properties. We focus the study of these functions in the frame of the filiform Lie...

In addition to obtaining supersymmetric structure related to the partner Hamiltonans, we get another supersymmetric structure via factorization method for both the 3D harmonic oscillator and Morse quantum potentials. These two supersymmetries induce also an additional supersymmetric structure involving...

The health system in developed countries is facing a problem of scalability in order to accommodate the increased proportion of the elderly population. Scarce resources cannot be sustained unless innovative technology is considered to provide health care in a more effective way. The Smart Home provides...

Drunk driving is one of the leading causes contributing to traffic crashes. There are numerous issues that need to be resolved with the current method of identifying drunk driving. Driving behavior, with the characteristic of real-time, was extensively researched to identify impaired driving behaviors....

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become the most contagious pandemic in the world. The binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein Receptor-binding Domain (RBD) to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor precedes cell entry. Thus, RBD of SARS-CoV-2...

We discuss a discrete approach to the multiscale reductive perturbative method and apply it to a biatomic chain with a nonlinear interaction between the atoms. This system is important to describe the time evolution of localized solitonic excitations. We require that also the reduced equation be discrete....

Elastic (stretching) flows of null curves are studied in three-dimensional Minkowski space. As a main tool, a natural type of moving frame for null curves is introduced, without use of the pseudo-arclength. This new frame is related to a Frenet null frame by a gauge transformation that belongs to the...

We have classified symmetric solutions around the origin to the four dimensional degenerate Painlevé type equation NYA4 with generic values of parameters. We obtained sixteen meromorphic solutions, which are transformed each other by the Bäcklund transformation. We calculated the linear monodromy for...

This paper suggests a novel method for medical image segmentation using kernel based Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy clustering. The widely used fuzzy c means clustering that uses Euclidean distance has many limitations in clustering the regions accurately. To overcome these difficulties, we introduce...

The classical quantization of the motion of a free particle and that of an harmonic oscillator on a double cone are achieved by a quantization scheme [M. C. Nucci, Theor. Math. Phys. 168 (2011) 994], that preserves the Noether point symmetries of the underlying Lagrangian in order to construct the Schrödinger...

In this paper random variables that take their values from a Hilbert C*-module are defined and three definitions for the mean, covariance operator, and Gaussian distribution of these random variables are given and it is shown that these definitions are equivalent. Furthermore, the concept of covariance...

In this paper, Bayes estimators of the unknown shape parameter of the exponentiated moment exponential distribution (EMED)have been derived by using two informative (gamma and chi-square) priors and two non-informative (Jeffrey’s and uniform) priors under different loss functions, namely, Squared Error...

In this paper we prove some results and detail some calculations published in a previous paper by us on the Eigen model with a periodically moving sharp-peak landscape. The model is concerned with evolution of a virus population in a time-dependent environment mimicking interaction of the viruses with...

In practical decision-making, we prefer to characterize the uncertain problems with the hybrid data, which consists of various types of data, e.g., categorical data, numerical dada, interval-valued data and set-valued data. The extended rough sets can deal with single type of data based on specific binary...

This paper introduces a new type of symmetry reductions called extended nonclassical symmetries that can be studied for parameter identification problems described by partial differential equations. Including the data function in the parameter space, we show that specific data and parameter classes that...

Frailty models are survival models, which are designed to explore the properties of the unobserved heterogeneity in individuals pertaining to disease and death. In this paper, we propose the new frailty model called Birnbaum–Saunders frailty model with Weibull, Pareto, and exponential power as baseline...

This paper is dedicated to provide theta function representations of algebro-geometric solutions for the Fokas- Lenells (FL) hierarchy through studying an algebro-geometric initial value problem. Further, we reduce these solutions into n-dark solutions through the degeneration of associated Riemann surfaces.

A weakly nonlinear quasiconservative Duffing oscillator under quasiperiodic forcing is studied with the help of an analytic expression for the complex Poincare mapping. This mapping is then used to analyze the quasiperiodic response of the oscillator and the different zones of various periodicity. This...

Several classes of solutions of the generalized Weierstrass system, which induces costant mean curvature surfaces into four-dimensional Euclidean space are constructed. A gauge transformation allows us to simplify the system considered and derive fatorized classes of solutions. A reduction of the generalized...

The characteristic representation, or Goursat problem, for the Klein-Fock-Gordon equation with Volkov interaction [1] is regarded. It is shown that in this representation the explicit form of the Volkov propagator can be obtained. Using the characteristic representation technique, the Schwinger integral...

The single-time nonlocal Lagrangians corresponding to the Fokker-type action integrals are obtained in arbitrary form of relativistic dynamics. The symmetry conditions for such Lagrangians under an arbitrary Lie group acting on the Minkowski space are formulated in various forms of dynamics. An explicit...

This paper deals with an approach for an automated evaluation of the learners' state of knowledge when learning by doing. This approach is called ODALA for "Ontology-Driven Auto-evaluation for e-Learning Approach". It takes place in the context of Computer Based Human Learning Environment (CBHLE) in...

This paper is devoted to the negative flows of the AKNS hierarchy. The main result of this work is the functional representation of the extended AKNS hierarchy, composed of both positive (classical) and negative flows. We derive a finite set of functional equations, constructed by means of the Miwa's...

In this paper, the confidence intervals for the generalized gamma distribution parameters are derived based on the Bayesian approach using the informative and non-informative priors and the classical approach, via the Asymptotic Maximum likelihood estimation, based on the generalized order statistics....

The interval reliability of a repairable system is the probability that the system is operating at a specified time and will continue to operate for a specified interval of time. This quantity is especially important for equipment, which must be working when an emergency situation arises. The present...

Consider the operator pencil L = A - B - 2 C, where A, B, and C are linear, in general unbounded and nonsymmetric, operators densely defined in a Hilbert space H. Sufficient conditions for the existence of the eigenvalues of L are investigated in the case when A, B and C are K-positive and K-symmetric...

In this paper, we will present a N-Non-Intersecting-Routing (NNIR) algorithm which is used to reduce the cost of resilient routing in telecommunications problems. Resilient Routing is the connections between two locations in a graph through the use of N completely independent routes. Resilient Routing...

In this paper, we first derive the exact explicit expressions for the single and product moments of order statistics from the type-II exponentiated log-logistic distribution, and then use these results to compute the means, variances, skewness and kurtosis of rth order statistics. Besides, best linear...

The main objective of subgroup discovery is to discover interesting and interpretable patterns with respect to a specific property. The use of evolutionary fuzzy systems provides good algorithms to approach this problem. In this sense, NMEEF-SD algorithm –one of the most representative evolutionary...

We consider the one-dimensional porous medium equation ut = (un ux)x + µ x un ux. We derive point transformations of a general class that map this equation into itself or into equations of a similar class. In some cases this porous medium equation is connected with well known equations. With the introduction...

With the easy availability of image processing and image editing tools, the cases of forgery have been raised in the last few years. Now days it is very difficult for a viewer and judicial authorities to verify authenticate a digital image. Cloning or copy-move technique is widely used as forgery to...

Emotion recognition is of great significance to computational intelligence systems. In order to improve the accuracy of emotion recognition, electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and external physiological (EP) signals are adopted due to their perfect performance in reflecting the slight variations of emotions,...

In the present study, we discuss the issue of increasing the respondents cooperation in sensitive surveys. When the question is highly sensitive then the cooperation from the respondents is decreased. We propose two optional randomized response models (ORRMs) to increase the respondents cooperation....

Background: In most settings, Female Sex Workers (FSW) bear a disproportionate burden of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease worldwide. Representative data to inform the development of behavioral and biomedical interventions for FSW in Namibia have not been published. Objectives: Our objectives...

We examine an aspect of the modelling of the underlying fluid motion in the equatorial region of the ocean. In particular, we assess whether nonlinearity is inherently vital in capturing the three-dimensional upwelling and downwelling phenomena. A recent applied mathematical approach has successfully...

The necessary and sufficient conditions for a hyperbolic semi-discrete equation to have five dimensional characteristic x-ring are derived. For any given chain, the derived conditions are easily verifiable by straightforward calculations.

The problem of estimating the ratio of coefficients of variation of two independent lognormal populations is considered. We propose two closed-form approximate confidence intervals (CIs), one is based on the method of variance estimate recovery (MOVER), and another is based on the fiducial approach....